What do people value when they provide unpaid care for an older person? A meta-ethnography with interview follow-up
Abstract
Government policies to shift care into the community and demographic changes mean that unpaid (informal) carers will increasingly be relied on to deliver care, particularly to older people. As a result, careful consideration needs to be given to informal care in economic evaluations. Current methods for economic evaluations may neglect important aspects of informal care. This paper reports the development of a simple measure of the caring experience for use in economic evaluations. A meta-ethnography was used to reduce qualitative research to six conceptual attributes of caring. Sixteen semi-structured interviews were then conducted with carers of older people, to check the attributes and develop them into the measure. Six attributes of the caring experience comprise the final measure: getting on, organisational assistance, social support, activities, control, and fulfilment. The final measure (the Carer Experience Scale) focuses on the process of providing care, rather than health outcomes from caring. Arguably this provides a more direct assessment of carers' welfare. Following work to test and scale the measure, it may offer a promising way of incorporating the impact on carers in economic evaluations.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
More recently developed specific measures of carer QoL such as the Carer Experience Scale and the Care Related Quality of Life (CarerQol) may be more appropriate as they can detect the broader impact of caring on a carer's life.
“Instead, more recently developed specific measures of carer QoL such as the Carer Experience Scale (Al-Janabi et al. , 2008) and the Care Related Quality of Life (CarerQol) (Brouwer et al. , 2006) (e.g., the assessment of activities outside caring, carer-recipient relationship) may be more appropriate as it can detect the broader impact of caring on a carers' life (Jones et al. , 2012).”
From Which interventions work for dementia family carers?: an updated systematic review of randomized controlled trials of carer interventions. (2018) · cites this paper as Al-Janabi et al., 2008
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 28 · Cited by 143
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Posnett,J., & Jan,S. (1996). Indirect cost in economic evaluation: the opportunity cost of unpaid inputs. Health Economics , 5 (1), 13-23.
- Authors
- Al-Janabi, H., Coast, J., & Flynn, T. N.
- Affiliations
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- University of Bristol (GB)
- ORCID
- Coast, Joanna
- Venue
- Social Science & Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-07
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 111-121
- ISSN
- 0277-9536 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2097922616
- Cited by
- 143
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 19.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Social Science & Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- UTS ePRESS (University of Technology Sydney) (submittedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Nursing care and research
- Keywords
- informal caregivers, unpaid care work, older adults, caregiver experiences, economic evaluation, social support, control, fulfillment, community-based care
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Anthropology, Cultural, Female, Home Nursing, Humans, Internal-External Control, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Middle Aged, Social Support, Caregivers, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Needs Assessment, Qualitative Research
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review