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XACT Noncoding RNA Competes with XIST in the Control of X Chromosome Activity during Human Early Development

Open access
Vallot, Céline, Patrat, Catherine, Collier, Amanda J., Huret, Christophe, Casanova, Miguel, Liyakat Ali, Tharvesh M., Tosolini, Matteo, Frydman, Nelly, Heard, Edith, Rugg-Gunn, Peter J., Rougeulle, Claire·2017·Cell Stem Cell

Abstract

Sex chromosome dosage compensation is essential in most metazoans, but the developmental timing and underlying mechanisms vary significantly, even among placental mammals. Here we identify human-specific mechanisms regulating X chromosome activity in early embryonic development. Single-cell RNA sequencing and imaging revealed co-activation and accumulation of the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) XACT and XIST on active X chromosomes in both early human pre-implantation embryos and naive human embryonic stem cells. In these contexts, the XIST RNA adopts an unusual, highly dispersed organization, which may explain why it does not trigger X chromosome inactivation at this stage. Functional studies in transgenic mouse cells show that XACT influences XIST accumulation in cis. Our findings therefore suggest a mechanism involving antagonistic activity of XIST and XACT in controlling X chromosome activity in early human embryos, and they highlight the contribution of rapidly evolving lncRNAs to species-specific developmental mechanisms.

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Metadata

Authors
Vallot, C., Patrat, C., Collier, A. J., Huret, C., Casanova, M., Liyakat Ali, T. M., Tosolini, M., Frydman, N., Heard, E., Rugg-Gunn, P. J., & Rougeulle, C.
Venue
Cell Stem Cell
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2017-01
Volume
20
Issue
1
Pages
102-111
ISSN
  • 1875-9777 (ISSN-L)
  • 1934-5909
OpenAlex
W2564487483
Cited by
202
References
1
FWCI
17.37
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
hybrid

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: XACT Noncoding RNA Competes with XIST in the Control of X Chromosome Activity during Human Early Development. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.stem.2016.10.014
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Vallot, C., Patrat, C., Collier, A. J., Huret, C., Casanova, M., Liyakat Ali, T. M., Tosolini, M., Frydman, N., Heard, E., Rugg-Gunn, P. J., & Rougeulle, C. (2017). XACT Noncoding RNA Competes with XIST in the Control of X Chromosome Activity during Human Early Development. Cell Stem Cell. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2016.10.014

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