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Green analytical chemistry metrics: A review
Abstract
Green analytical chemistry encourages reducing the use of toxic chemicals/reagents, using energy-efficient equipment, and generating minimal waste. The recent trends in analytical method development focus on the miniaturization of the sample preparation devices, the development of solventless or solvent-minimized extraction techniques, and the utilization of less toxic solvents. The twelve principles of GAC serve as a basic guideline for inducing greenness in the analytical procedures. Despite these guidelines, in many conditions, some undesired steps are unavoidable. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the greenness of analytical procedures to assess and, if possible, reduce their impact on the environment and workers. Several metrics have been developed for the evaluation of the greenness of analytical procedures. Analytical Eco-Scale, Green Analytical Procedure Index, and Analytical Greenness Metric are among some important tools for assessing the greenness of analytical procedures. All these metrics take different aspects of the analytical procedure into account to provide the green index of the procedure. This review covered these metrics, their principles, and examples of their application to selected analytical procedures. The advantages and limitations of these metrics with the perspective of common reader/user are presented. We believe that this paper will inspire many new perspectives and developments in this area.
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“Some metrics available in the literature are specific to chromatographic procedures, examples being Analytical Method Volume Intensity (AMVI) and HPLC-EAT [2].”
From Greenness of procedures using NADES in the preparation of vegetal samples: Comparison of five green metrics (2022) · cites this paper as [2]
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Sajid, M., & Płotka-Wasylka, J.
- Affiliations
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (SA)
- Corresponding author
- Sajid, Muhammad
- ORCID
- Sajid, Muhammad
- Venue
- Talanta
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-02
- Volume
- 238
- Issue
- Pt 2
- Pages
- 123046
- ISSN
- 0039-9140 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3213861470
- Cited by
- 744
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 137 · 2025: 203 · 2024: 201 · 2023: 135 · 2022: 68
- FWCI
- 12.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Talanta (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Analytical chemistry methods development
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Social Sciences › Education › Various Chemistry Research Topics
- Keywords
- green analytical chemistry, greenness metrics, greenness assessment, Analytical Eco-Scale, Green Analytical Procedure Index, Analytical Greenness Metric, sample preparation miniaturization, waste reduction, energy efficiency
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Miniaturization, Solvents, Green Chemistry Technology
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