The advantages and limitations of using ChatGPT to enhance technological research
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Because AI chatbots are pre-trained on data, they may provide inaccurate, outdated, and unreliable information.
“Because AI chatbots are pre-trained on data, they may provide inaccurate, outdated, and unreliable information [35,36]”
From Consumer Responses to Generative AI Chatbots Versus Search Engines for Product Evaluation (2025) · cites this paper as [36]
Cites
Chatting and cheating: Ensuring academic integrity in the era of ChatGPT
Cotton, D. R. E., Cotton, P. A., & Shipway, J. R. (2024) · Innovations in Education and Teaching International · doi:10.1080/14703297.2023.2190148 · Cited by 3,087 · see citing works
Chatting and Cheating. Ensuring academic integrity in the era of ChatGPT
Cotton, D., Cotton, P., & Shipway, J. R. (2023) · doi:10.35542/osf.io/mrz8h · Cited by 3,079 · see citing works
Use of ChatGPT in academia: Academic integrity hangs in the balance
Bin-Nashwan, S. A., Sadallah, M., & Bouteraa, M. (2023) · Technology in Society · doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2023.102370 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
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Ivanov, S., Soliman, M., Tuomi, A., Alkathiri, N. A., & Al-Alawi, A. N. (2024) · Technology in Society · doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2024.102521 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Wang, H., Dang, A., Wu, Z., & Mac, S. (2024) · Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100326 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Exploring learners’ experiences and perceptions of ChatGPT as a learning tool in higher education
Monib, W. K., Qazi, A., & Mahmud, M. M. (2025) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-024-13065-4 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Addressing the use of generative AI in academic writing.
van Niekerk, J., Delport, P. M. J., & Sutherland, I. (2025) · Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100342 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Milana, M., Brandi, U., Hodge, S., & Hoggan-Kloubert, T. (2024) · International Journal of Lifelong Education · doi:10.1080/02601370.2024.2310448 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
ChatGPT applications in Academic Research: A Review of Benefits, Concerns, and Recommendations
AlZaabi, A., ALAmri, A., Albalushi, H., Aljabri, R., & AalAbdulsalam, A. (2023) · doi:10.1101/2023.08.17.553688 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Consumer Responses to Generative AI Chatbots Versus Search Engines for Product Evaluation
Kim, S., & Priluck, R. (2025) · Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research · doi:10.3390/jtaer20020093 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Because AI chatbots are pre-trained on data, they may provide inaccurate, outdated, and unreliable information [35,36] Kim et al. [33] have also noted that AI chatbots may have limited domain expertise, an inability to control mistakes, deficient originality, and ethical issues.”
Ringo, D. S. (2025) · Cogent Education · doi:10.1080/2331186x.2025.2475268 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
- Authors
- Rice, S., Crouse, S. R., Winter, S. R., & Rice, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Florida (US)
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Daytona Beach Florida Campus (US)
- Corresponding author
- Winter, Scott R.
- Venue
- Technology in Society
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-03
- Volume
- 76
- Pages
- 102426
- ISSN
- 0160-791X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4388914441
- Cited by
- 122
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 10.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Technology in Society (publishedVersion)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (acceptedVersion)
- Scholarly Commons (Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Artificial Intelligence Applications
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Keywords
- ChatGPT, GPT-4, large language models, research tools, AI-assisted research, fact-checking, AI limitations, technological research
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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