Progesterone: the ultimate endometrial tumor suppressor
Open accessAbstract
The uterine endometrium is exquisitely sensitive to steroid hormones that act through well-described nuclear receptors. Estrogen drives epithelial proliferation, and progesterone inhibits growth and causes cell differentiation. The importance of progesterone as a key inhibitor of carcinogenesis is reflected by the observation that women who ovulate and produce progesterone almost never get endometrial cancer. In this review we describe seminal research findings that define progesterone as the major endometrial tumor suppressor. We discuss the genes and diverse signaling pathways that are controlled by progesterone through progesterone receptors (PRs) and also the multiple factors that regulate progesterone/PR activity. By defining these progesterone-regulated factors and pathways we identify the principal therapeutic opportunities to control the growth of endometrial cancer.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 91 · Cited by 194
- Authors
- Yang, S., Thiel, K. W., & Leslie, K. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Iowa (US)
- Corresponding author
- Leslie, Kimberly K.
- Venue
- Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-04
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 145-152
- ISSN
- 1043-2760 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4062362
- OpenAlex
- W2050276596
- Cited by
- 194
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 1.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Iowa Research Online (The University of Iowa) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute (CA27469, R01CA099908, U10CA027469, CA 99908)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Endometrial and Cervical Cancer Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
- Keywords
- progesterone, endometrial cancer, tumor suppression, progesterone receptor, nuclear receptors, steroid hormone signaling, estrogen, cell differentiation, carcinogenesis, endometrium, therapeutic target
- MeSH terms
- Female, Humans, Progestins, Progesterone, Receptors, Progesterone, Endometrial Neoplasms
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
