Growing pains and pleasures: how emotional learning guides development
Open accessAbstract
The nervous system promotes adaptive responding to myriad environmental stimuli by ascribing emotion to specific stimulus domains. This affects the salience of different stimuli, facilitates learning, and likely involves the amygdala. Recent studies suggest a strong homology between adaptive responses that result from learning and those that emerge during development. As in motivated learning, developmental studies have found the salience of different classes of stimulus (e.g., peers) undergoes marked fluctuation across maturation and may involve differential amygdala engagement. In this review, by highlighting the importance of particular stimulus categories during sensitive periods of development, we suggest that variability in amygdala response to different stimulus domains has an active and functional role in shaping emerging cortical circuits across development.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Developmental alterations in amygdala-prefrontal cortical interactions are thought to be responsible for threat extinction differences seen in adolescence.
“Developmental alterations in amygdala-prefrontal cortical interactions are thought to be responsible for threat extinction differences seen in adolescence16.”
From Multimodal evidence for delayed threat extinction learning in adolescence and young adulthood (2019) · cites this paper as [16]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 103 · Cited by 48
- Authors
- Nelson, E. E., Lau, J. Y. F., & Jarcho, J. M.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Nelson, Eric E.
- Venue
- Trends in Cognitive Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-02
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 99-108
- ISSN
- 1364-6613 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4219354
- OpenAlex
- W2000080606
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 103
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 0.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Trends in Cognitive Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (Z99 MH999999)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Keywords
- emotional learning, emotional development, amygdala, stimulus salience, sensitive period, maturation, cortical circuit development, motivated learning
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Animals, Brain, Critical Period, Psychological, Emotions, Humans, Learning, Neural Pathways
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
