Termination of Transcription by RNA Polymerase II: BOOM!
Abstract
RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcribes hundreds of thousands of transcription units - a reaction always brought to a close by its termination. Because Pol II transcribes multiple gene types, its termination occurs in a variety of ways, with the polymerase being responsive to different inputs. Moreover, it is not just a default process occurring at the end of genes. Promoter-proximal and premature termination is common and might in turn regulate gene expression levels. Although some transcription termination mechanisms have been debated for decades, research is only just underway on emergent processes. We provide an updated view of transcription termination in human cells, highlighting common themes and some interesting differences between the contexts in which it occurs.
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Reduction of elongation speed at the poly(A) site facilitates catch-up of RNA Pol II by the Xrn2 exonuclease, which dislodges RNA Pol II from the DNA template leading to transcription termination.
“This reduction of elongation speed facilitates the catch‐up of RNA Pol II by the Xrn2 exonuclease, which dislodges RNA Pol II from the DNA template leading to transcription termination (Cortazar et al, 2019; Eaton et al, 2020).”
From RNA polymerase II speed: a key player in controlling and adapting transcriptome composition (2021) · cites this paper as Eaton et al, 2020
Cites
CDK12 regulates DNA repair genes by suppressing intronic polyadenylation
Dubbury, S. J., Boutz, P. L., & Sharp, P. A. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0758-y · Cited by 318 · see citing works
SCAF4 and SCAF8, mRNA Anti-Terminator Proteins
Gregersen, L. H., Mitter, R., Ugalde, A. P., Nojima, T., Proudfoot, N. J., Agami, R., Stewart, A., & Svejstrup, J. Q. (2019) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.04.038 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
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RNA polymerase II speed: a key player in controlling and adapting transcriptome composition
Muniz, L., Nicolas, E., & Trouche, D. (2021) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.15252/embj.2020105740 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
“The cleaved 3 0 end of the pre-mRNA is then polyadenylated, while the unprotected 5 0 end of the nascent RNA provides an entry site for the Xrn2 5 0 – 3 0 exonuclease, which co-transcriptionally degrades the RNA synthesized beyond the poly(A) site (Eaton & West, 2020).”
- Authors
- Eaton, J. D., & West, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Exeter (GB)
- Corresponding author
- West, Steven
- Venue
- Trends in Genetics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-09
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 664-675
- ISSN
- 0168-9525 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3034587070
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 1.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Structure and Function
- Keywords
- RNA polymerase II, transcription termination, early termination, gene expression regulation, human cells, termination mechanism
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Promoter Regions, Genetic, RNA Polymerase II, Transcription, Genetic, Transcription Termination, Genetic
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