Microbial endocrinology: how stress influences susceptibility to infection
Abstract
A holistic approach to understanding the mechanisms by which stress influences the pathogenesis of infectious disease has resulted in the development of the field of microbial endocrinology. This transdisciplinary field represents the intersection of microbiology with mammalian endocrinology and neurophysiology, and is based on the tenet that microorganisms have evolved systems for using neurohormones, which are widely distributed throughout nature, as environmental cues to initiate growth and pathogenic processes. This review reveals that responsiveness to human stress hormones is widespread in the microbial world and documents recent advances in microbial endocrinology.
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Gut bacteria are responsive to human hormones and neurotransmitters, which impact their growth and virulence.
“These organisms are responsive to human hormones and neurotransmitters,118 which impact their growth and virulence.”
From The Gut Microbiome and the Brain (2014) · cites this paper as [118]
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References 71 · Cited by 299
- Authors
- Freestone, P. P. E., Sandrini, S. M., Haigh, R. D., & Lyte, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Leicester (GB)
- Texas Tech University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Freestone, Primrose P.E.
- Venue
- Trends in Microbiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-02
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 55-64
- ISSN
- 0966-842X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2065448321
- Cited by
- 299
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 1.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (064488)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-50431, R01MH050431)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
- Keywords
- microbial endocrinology, stress hormones, neurohormones, infection susceptibility, host-pathogen interaction, microbial pathogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bacteria, Bacterial Infections, Catecholamines, Disease Susceptibility, Endocrinology, Hormones, Humans, Microbiology, Stress, Physiological
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