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General approach for the calculation of tissue to plasma partition coefficients

Schmitt, Walter·2008·Toxicology in Vitro

DOI 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.09.010

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Abstract

A new mechanistic, universal model for the calculation of steady state tissue:plasma partition coefficients (Kt:p) of organic chemicals in mammalian species was developed. The approach allows the estimation of Kt:p-values based on the composition of the tissues in terms of water, neutral lipids, neutral and acidic phospholipids and proteins using the lipophilicity, the binding to phospholipid membranes, the pKa and the unbound fraction in blood plasma as compound specific parameters. Taking explicitly into account the sign and fraction of the charge of the compounds at the physiological pH the method is universally applicable to neutral, acidic, basic or multiply charged substances and has thus a significantly extended applicability compared to previously published approaches. The model was applied to 59 chemically diverse drug compounds for which tissue:plasma partition coefficients are reported in the literature. In total 474 experimentally observed Kt:p values for 12 tissues and the red blood cells were available and could be compared to model results. For 73% of the calculated values a deviation less than 3-fold from the respective observed value was found, proving the validity of the approach.

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Authors: Schmitt, W.
Affiliations: Bayer (Germany) (DE)
Corresponding author: Schmitt, Walter
ORCID: Schmitt, Walter
Venue: Toxicology in Vitro
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2008-03
Volume: 22
Issue: 2
Pages: 457-467
ISSN: 0887-2333 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.09.010
OpenAlex: W2026015795
Cited by: 349
References: 38
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 17
FWCI: 3.90
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Toxicology in Vitro (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Drug Discovery › Computational Drug Discovery Methods
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Interaction Studies and Fluorescence Analysis
Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
Keywords: tissue-to-plasma partition coefficient, organic compounds, lipophilicity, tissue composition, pKa, drug compounds, mechanistic model, erythrocytes
MeSH terms: Algorithms, Animals, Chemistry, Physical, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Lipids, Phospholipids, Plasma, Proteins, Tissue Distribution, Models, Statistical, Xenobiotics, Extracellular Fluid, Rats, Chemical Phenomena

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General approach for the calculation of tissue to plasma partition coefficients

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