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Cited by 424Pesticide Exposure and ToxicityEnvironmental Chemistry and AnalysisCarcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 48 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Ethoxylated adjuvants of glyphosate-based herbicides are active principles of human cell toxicity

Mesnage, R., Bernay, B., Séralini, G.-E.·2013·Toxicology
DOI 10.1016/j.tox.2012.09.006
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Abstract

Pesticides are always used in formulations as mixtures of an active principle with adjuvants. Glyphosate, the active ingredient of the major pesticide in the world, is an herbicide supposed to be specific on plant metabolism. Its adjuvants are generally considered as inert diluents. Since side effects for all these compounds have been claimed, we studied potential active principles for toxicity on human cells for 9 glyphosate-based formulations. For this we detailed their compositions and toxicities, and as controls we used a major adjuvant (the polyethoxylated tallowamine POE-15), glyphosate alone, and a total formulation without glyphosate. This was performed after 24h exposures on hepatic (HepG2), embryonic (HEK293) and placental (JEG3) cell lines. We measured mitochondrial activities, membrane degradations, and caspases 3/7 activities. The compositions in adjuvants were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Here we demonstrate that all formulations are more toxic than glyphosate, and we separated experimentally three groups of formulations differentially toxic according to their concentrations in ethoxylated adjuvants. Among them, POE-15 clearly appears to be the most toxic principle against human cells, even if others are not excluded. It begins to be active with negative dose-dependent effects on cellular respiration and membrane integrity between 1 and 3ppm, at environmental/occupational doses. We demonstrate in addition that POE-15 induces necrosis when its first micellization process occurs, by contrast to glyphosate which is known to promote endocrine disrupting effects after entering cells. Altogether, these results challenge the establishment of guidance values such as the acceptable daily intake of glyphosate, when these are mostly based on a long term in vivo test of glyphosate alone. Since pesticides are always used with adjuvants that could change their toxicity, the necessity to assess their whole formulations as mixtures becomes obvious. This challenges the concept of active principle of pesticides for non-target species.

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Cox, 2004, Herbicide factsheet—glyphosate, J. Pesticide Reform, 24, 10
  2. Mesnage, 2010, Roundup in genetically modified plants: regulation and toxicity in mammals, Theor. Ökol., 16, 31

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Metadata

Authors
Mesnage, R., Bernay, B., & Séralini, G.-E.
Affiliations
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
  • Université de Caen Normandie (FR)
ORCID
Venue
Toxicology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2013-11
Volume
313
Issue
2-3
Pages
122-128
ISSN
0300-483X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.tox.2012.09.006
OpenAlex
W1970847183
Cited by
424
References
48
Citations by year
2026: 19 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 56 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 5
FWCI
17.16
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Toxicology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Environmental Chemistry and Analysis
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
Keywords
glyphosate, herbicide adjuvants, pesticide formulations, HepG2 cells, HEK293 cells, JEG-3 cells, mitochondrial respiration, membrane integrity, caspase 3/7, necrosis, micellization, acceptable daily intake, endocrine disruption, non-target organisms
MeSH terms
Glyphosate, Amines, Cell Line, Cell Survival, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Ethyl Ethers, Glycine, Herbicides, Humans, Polyethylene Glycols, Surface-Active Agents, Molecular Structure, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization

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