Acute inhalation toxicity of cerium oxide nanoparticles in rats
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the acute toxic potential of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO(2) NPs) in rats when exposed through the head and nose inhalation route. The rats were exposed to CeO(2) NPs and the resultant effects if any, to cause cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and inflammation in the lungs were evaluated on a 24h, 48h and 14 day post exposure period. Our results showed a significant decrease in the cell viability, with the increase of lactate dehydogenase, total protein and alkaline phosphatase levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of the exposed rats. Total leukocyte count and the percentage of neutrophils in BALF were elevated within 24h of post exposure. The concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) were significantly increased in the BALF and in the blood throughout the observation period. The level of malondialdehyde was elevated with the decreased levels of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) in the lung after exposure. The alveolar macrophages (AMs) and neutrophils overloaded with phagocytosed CeO(2) NPs were observed along with non-phagocytosed free CeO(2) NPs that were deposited over the epithelial surfaces of the bronchi, bronchiole and alveolar regions of lungs within 24h of post exposure and were consistent throughout the observation period. A well distributed, multifocal pulmonary microgranulomas due to impairment of clearance mechanism leading to biopersistence of CeO(2) NPs for an extended period of time were observed at the end of the 14 day post exposure period. These results suggest that acute exposure of CeO(2) NPs through inhalation route may induce cytotoxicity via oxidative stress and may lead to a chronic inflammatory response.
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Available in vivo studies on CeO2 nanoparticles confirm the induction of inflammation after inhalation.
“Available in vivo studies on CeO2nanoparticles confirm the induction of inflammation after inhalation [3, 6, 17, 22–26].”
From Effects from a 90-day inhalation toxicity study with cerium oxide and barium sulfate nanoparticles in rats (2017) · cites this paper as [26]
In most of the in vivo studies mentioned earlier, histopathological investigations revealed comparable findings after CeO2 exposure, especially particle-laden macrophages and lung inflammation.
“In most of the in vivo studies mentioned earlier, histopathological investigations were performed, revealing comparable findings after CeO2 exposure, especially in terms of particle-laden macrophages and lung inflammation [3, 6, 17, 22, 23, 26].”
From Effects from a 90-day inhalation toxicity study with cerium oxide and barium sulfate nanoparticles in rats (2017) · cites this paper as [26]
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References 57 · Cited by 211
- Authors
- Srinivas, A., Rao, P. J., Selvam, G., Murthy, P. B., & Reddy, P. N.
- Affiliations
- International Institute of Biotechnology and Toxicology (IN)
- Central Leather Research Institute (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Srinivas, A.
- ORCID
- Selvam, G.
- Venue
- Toxicology Letters
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-08
- Volume
- 205
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 105-115
- ISSN
- 0378-4274 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1991456351
- Cited by
- 211
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 8.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Toxicology Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Siemens USA
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotoxicology and immune responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Occupational and environmental lung diseases
- Keywords
- cerium oxide nanoparticles, acute inhalation toxicity, oxidative stress, lung inflammation, inflammatory cytokines, alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, glutathione, malondialdehyde, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
- MeSH terms
- Air Pollutants, Animals, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid, Cell Survival, Cerium, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Lung, Male, Neutrophils, Phagocytosis, Pneumonia, Cytokines, Macrophages, Alveolar, Rats, Wistar, Oxidative Stress, Inhalation Exposure, Toxicity Tests, Acute, Rats, Nanoparticles
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