Inhalation of fine particulate matter during pregnancy increased IL-4 cytokine levels in the fetal portion of the placenta
Abstract
This study aimed to verify the development of placental and systemic inflammation in rats exposed to fine particulate matter before or during pregnancy. Wistar rats were exposed to filtered air (control) or to a load of 600 μg/m(3) of fine particles in the air. The gene expression of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, INF-γ, TNF-α and Toll-like receptor 4 in the placenta was evaluated. The serum and placental concentrations of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, INF-γ and TNF-α were measured. The total and differential blood leukocyte and blood platelet count was assessed. Compared to control animals, IL-4 content was elevated in the fetal portion of the placenta in rats exposed to air pollution before and during pregnancy. Increased IL-4 suggests that a placental inflammatory reaction may have occurred in response to exposure to fine particulate matter and that this cytokine was responsible, among possibly others factors, for resolution of the inflammatory reaction.
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Increased IL-4 expression in the fetal portion of the placenta in rats exposed to fine PM before and during pregnancy.
“de Melo et al. [169] further reported increased IL-4 expression in the fetal portion of the placenta in rats exposed to fine PM before and during pregnancy.”
From Air pollution and children’s health—a review of adverse effects associated with prenatal exposure from fine to ultrafine particulate matter (2021) · cites this paper as [169]
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References 45 · Cited by 100
- Authors
- de Melo, J. O., Soto, S. F., Katayama, I. A., Wenceslau, C. F., Pires, A. G., Veras, M. M., Furukawa, L. N. S., de Castro, I., Saldiva, P. H. N., & Heimann, J. C.
- Affiliations
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Toxicology Letters
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-01
- Volume
- 232
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 475-480
- ISSN
- 0378-4274 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2081530169
- Cited by
- 100
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 12 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 4.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Toxicology Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (2011/05973-1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotoxicology and immune responses
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Keywords
- PM2.5, air pollution, pregnancy, placenta, fetal placenta, IL-4, placental inflammation, cytokines, TLR4, systemic inflammation, white blood cell count, platelet count, rats
- MeSH terms
- Air Pollutants, Animals, Blood Cell Count, Female, Fetus, Particle Size, Placenta, Pregnancy, Interleukin-4, Gene Expression, Rats, Wistar, Inhalation Exposure, Rats, Particulate Matter
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