Age-related changes in memory and effector T cells responding to influenza A/H3N2 and pandemic A/H1N1 strains in humans
Open accessAbstract
Age-dependent changes in the cellular immune response have been mainly described in CD8+ T cells, with relative sparing of CD4+ T cells. We show that in older compared to young adults, effector memory and effector CD8+ T-cell subsets responding to influenza A/H3N2 challenge have diminished cytolytic activity. In contrast, effector CD4+ T-cell subsets in older adults share similar phenotypic and functional characteristics with those from young adults. Further, we observed a diminished cytolytic T-cell response to both seasonal influenza A/H3N2 and pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) strains in older compared to young adults who had received seasonal influenza vaccine. These results are consistent with the observed rates of serious complications from seasonal and pandemic influenza infections in different age groups, and suggest that CD4+ T cells may provide a compensatory response to influenza infection when CD8+ T cells become compromised during the aging process.
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Aging is associated with reduced CD4 and CD8 T cell responses, diminished TCR repertoire diversity, impaired Th cell differentiation, and reduced Th cell activity.
“Furthermore, aging is associated with reduced CD4 and CD8 T cell responses, diminished TCR repertoire diversity, impaired Th cell differentiation, and reduced Th cell activity.176”
From Inflammation and aging: signaling pathways and intervention therapies (2023) · cites this paper as [176]
The Results (§3.4; page not supplied) report reduced influenza-specific CD8+ cytolytic activity in older adults, supporting that part of the claim. The same section finds similar CD4+ cytolytic activity in young and older adults, contrary to a general reduction in CD4+ responses or Th-cell activity. The passages do not establish diminished TCR repertoire diversity or impaired Th-cell differentiation. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCell-mediated immunity, namely the cytolytic activity of CD8+ T cells after vaccination, is lower in the elderly.
“Cell-mediated immunity, namely the cytolytic activity of CD8+ T cells after vaccination, is also lower in the elderly [159].”
From Aging of the immune system: Focus on inflammation and vaccination (2016) · cites this paper as [159]
Decreased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in the elderly can impair immunity to influenza vaccination and cytotoxicity against the influenza virus, respectively.
“Decreased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in the elderly can impair immunity to influenza vaccination and cytotoxicity against the influenza virus, respectively (132, 133).”
From Aging and Lung Disease (2020) · cites this paper as [133]
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References 41 · Cited by 106
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [42]Shahid Z Kleppinger A Gentleman B Falsey AR McElhaney JE Clinical and immunologic predictors of influenza illness among vaccinated older adults Vaccine 2010 Aug 31 28 38 6145 51 20646987 PMC2948951
- Authors
- Zhou, X., & McElhaney, J. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Connecticut (US)
- Corresponding author
- McElhaney, Janet E.
- Venue
- Vaccine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-03
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2169-2177
- ISSN
- 0264-410X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3057414
- OpenAlex
- W2052444641
- Cited by
- 106
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 9.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Vaccine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01 AI68265)
- National Center for Research Resources (MO1 RR06192)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Keywords
- immunosenescence, age-related immune decline, H3N2, pandemic influenza A(H1N1), CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, effector memory T cells, seasonal influenza vaccine, influenza vaccine response, older adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Cells, Cultured, Humans, Immunity, Cellular, Immunologic Memory, Influenza, Human, Influenza Vaccines, Middle Aged, Phenotype, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Cell Proliferation, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype, Granzymes, Perforin, Young Adult
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