The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Eye movements in man and other animals
Open accessAbstract
Good vision requires a near stationary image if motion blur is to be avoided. All animals with good eyesight (principally the vertebrates, arthropods and cephalopod molluscs) have adopted a very similar strategy for achieving this: fixations in which gaze is kept still, with saccades to change gaze direction as fast as possible. In all these groups the stability of fixations is maintained by reflexes that oppose the effects of head or body movement (the vestibulo-ocular reflex in vertebrates), and that oppose drift of the image on the retina (optokinetic and optomotor reflexes). A small number of species of molluscs and arthropods have adopted a different strategy: allowing the retinas to scan across the surroundings to acquire information. The retinas in these animals are all linear structures a few receptors wide, and scan at right angles to their long dimension. The speed of scanning varies with retinal resolution, ensuring that scan speed does not produce deleterious blur.
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“chemotaxis along a gradient (as found in bacteria and simple worms) may not need much correction for self-movement, but image-forming eyes are useless without it [48,50].”
From Phenomenal interface theory: a model for basal consciousness (2025) · cites this paper as [48]
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“Without correction for self-motion, information about the world becomes noisy and temporally smeared [46–48], limiting the possibilities for effective target acquisition and navigation.”
From Phenomenal interface theory: a model for basal consciousness (2025) · cites this paper as [48]
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Citations
Cites
The neural mechanism of binocular depth discrimination
Barlow, H. B., Blakemore, C. B., & Pettigrew, J. D. (1967) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1967.sp008360 · Cited by 1,435
Carpenter, R. (1977) · Cited by 1,052
The vertebrate eye and its adaptive radiation [by] Gordon Lynn Walls.
Walls, G. L. (1942) · doi:10.5962/bhl.title.7369 · Cited by 918
Looking and ActingVision and eye movements in natural behaviour
Land, M. F., & Tatler, B. W. (2009) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198570943.001.0001 · Cited by 408
Self-citationEye‐ and head movements in freely moving rabbits.
Collewijn, H. (1977) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1977.sp011778 · Cited by 404
The evolutionary history of eye movements
Walls, G. L. (1962) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/0042-6989(62)90064-0 · Cited by 391
Visual control of flight behaviour in the hoverflySyritta pipiens L.
Collett, T., & Land, M. (1975) · Journal of Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf01464710 · Cited by 369
Self-citationVISION, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOUR IN BIRDS
Zeigler, H. P. (1994) · Optometry and Vision Science · doi:10.1002/j.1538-9235.1994.tb03420.x · Cited by 323
Land, M. F. (1969) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.51.2.471 · Cited by 309
Self-citationThe Optokinetic Basis of Head-Bobbing in the Pigeon
Frost, B. J. (1978) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.74.1.187 · Cited by 248
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Phenomenal interface theory: a model for basal consciousness
Klein, C., & Barron, A. B. (2025) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2024.0301 · Cited by 8
“Without correction for self-motion, information about the world becomes noisy and temporally smeared [46–48], limiting the possibilities for effective target acquisition and navigation.”
Metadata
- Authors
- Land, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Sussex (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Land, Michael
- Venue
- Vision Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-09
- Volume
- 162
- Pages
- 1-7
- ISSN
- 0042-6989 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2954040789
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 6.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Vision Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vestibular and auditory disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Keywords
- eye movements, saccades, fixation, vestibulo-ocular reflex, optokinetic response, optomotor reflex, retinal scanning, motion blur, gaze stability, vertebrates, arthropods, cephalopods, Mollusca, retinal resolution
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Eye Movements, Fixation, Ocular, Humans, Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular, Nystagmus, Optokinetic
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