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Maternal Depression, Pregnancy Intention, and Return to Paid Work After Childbirth
Abstract
Background Maternal depression is an important public health issue for women, their families, and their employers. Previous studies have examined the impact of leave duration on maternal depression, but none have studied the association between maternal depression and the pace of return to paid work. We examine herein the relationship between maternal depression and return to work, and the moderating effects of pregnancy intention.Methods We utilized data from the Listening to Mothers II Survey collected from January 20 through February 21, 2006. The woman had to be 18 to 45 years old, speak English, and have given birth in 2005 to a live singleton baby in a U.S. hospital. Our analyses were limited to women who worked for an employer during pregnancy (n = 882). The primary outcome was return to paid work at the time of the interview and the analyses utilized Cox proportional hazard models.Findings In combination, intending the baby and being depressed suppressed return to paid work. Nondepressed mothers with unintended pregnancies returned to work the soonest. Compared with mothers who were not depressed and with unintended pregnancy, the risk ratio of returning to paid work (0.70) was significantly lower for mothers who were depressed and had an intended pregnancy. Mothers who were not depressed and with intended pregnancy also had a significantly lower risk ratio (0.60) of returning to paid work than those who were not depressed and with unintended pregnancy.Conclusion Primary care providers and policy makers can use these findings to support employed women in their childbearing years.
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“Regarding the probability of returning to paid work, one study showed that there was no difference between depressed and nondepressed mothers.73”
From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [73]
In the citing paper
“The authors of this study specified that most mothers experienced depressive symptoms during the first year after childbirth; thus, depression was not an independent predictor of how quickly mothers would return to work.”
From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [73]
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Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes
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Metadata
- Authors
- Dagher, R. K., Hofferth, S. L., & Lee, Y.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- ORCID
- Hofferth, Sandra L.
- Venue
- Women's Health Issues
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-05
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e297-e303
- ISSN
- 1049-3867 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2138217355
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 0.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Women s Health Issues (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Work-Family Balance Challenges
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Health and Contraception
- Keywords
- maternal depression, pregnancy intention, unintended pregnancy, postpartum employment, maternal employment during pregnancy, moderating effect
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Employment, Female, Humans, Infant, Maternal Behavior, Mothers, Pregnancy, Surveys and Questionnaires, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Multivariate Analysis, Proportional Hazards Models, Depression, Postpartum, Intention, Parturition, Return to Work
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