Are Nontimber Forest Products the Antidote to Rainforest Degradation? Brazil Nut Extraction in Madre De Dios, Peru
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The literature suggests that absolute environmental income rises with total income.
“The literature suggests that absolute environmental income rises with total income, while relative environmental income (i.e., the share of environmental income in total household income) decreases—i.e., household’s environmental “dependence” or “reliance” decreases with higher incomes (Cavendish, 2000; Escobal & Aldana, 2003; Mamo et al., 2007; Neumann & Hirsch, 2000; Vedeld et al., 2007).”
From Environmental Income and Rural Livelihoods: A Global-Comparative Analysis (2014) · cites this paper as Escobal & Aldana, 2003
The literature suggests that relative environmental income decreases with higher incomes.
“The literature suggests that absolute environmental income rises with total income, while relative environmental income (i.e., the share of environmental income in total household income) decreases—i.e., household’s environmental “dependence” or “reliance” decreases with higher incomes (Cavendish, 2000; Escobal & Aldana, 2003; Mamo et al., 2007; Neumann & Hirsch, 2000; Vedeld et al., 2007).”
From Environmental Income and Rural Livelihoods: A Global-Comparative Analysis (2014) · cites this paper as Escobal & Aldana, 2003
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Environmental Income and Rural Livelihoods: A Global-Comparative Analysis
Angelsen, A., Jagger, P., Babigumira, R., Belcher, B., Hogarth, N. J., Bauch, S., Börner, J., Smith-Hall, C., & Wunder, S. (2014) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.03.006 · Cited by 1,147 · see citing works
- Authors
- Escobal, J., & Aldana, U.
- Affiliations
- Group for the Analysis of Development (PE)
- ORCID
- Escobal, Javier
- Venue
- World Development
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-11
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1873-1887
- ISSN
- 0305-750X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2055818951
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 4.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- research.wur.nl
- Locations
- World Development (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Forestry › Forest Ecology and Conservation
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Forest Management and Policy
- Keywords
- non-timber forest products, poverty, deforestation, household wealth, off-farm employment, Madre de Dios
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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