Access to finance in Sub-Saharan Africa: Is there a gender gap?.
Abstract
We show the existence of an unconditional gender gap in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, when key observable characteristics of the enterprises or individuals are taken into account the gender gap disappears. In the case of enterprises, we explain our finding with differences in key characteristics and a potential selection bias. In the case of individuals, the lower use of formal financial services by women can be explained by gender gaps in other dimensions related to the use of financial services, such as their lower level of income and education, and by their household and employment status.
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In other decentralised rural development programmes in Sub-Saharan Africa, institutional capacity and governance quality strongly determine programme success.
“Similar findings have been reported in other decentralised rural development programmes in Sub-Saharan Africa, where institutional capacity and governance quality strongly determine programme success (Aterido et al., 2013; Bongomin, 2017; Ebong, 2021; Eton et al., 2021).”
From The Role of the Parish Development Model in Promoting Rural Transformation and Women's Financial Empowerment in Uganda: A Systematic Review (2026) · cites this paper as Aterido et al., 2013
Cites
Entry regulation as a barrier to entrepreneurship
Klapper, L., Laeven, L., & Rajan, R. (2006) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jfineco.2005.09.006 · Cited by 1,723 · see citing works
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The determinants of financial inclusion in Africa
Zins, A., & Weill, L. (2016) · Review of Development Finance · doi:10.1016/j.rdf.2016.05.001 · Cited by 738 · see citing works
Financial inclusion and welfare in South Africa: Is there a gender gap?
Nanziri, E. L. (2016) · Journal of African Development · doi:10.5325/jafrideve.18.2.0109 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Finance, Growth, and Inequality
Levine, R. (2021) · IMF Working Papers · doi:10.5089/9781513583365.001 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Eseza, N., Andrew, N., & David, N. (2026) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.186397.1
- Authors
- Aterido, R., Beck, T., & Iacovone, L.
- Affiliations
- World Bank (US)
- Venue
- World Development
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-07
- Volume
- 47
- Pages
- 102-120
- ISSN
- 0305-750X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2150952063
- Cited by
- 425
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 43 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 28.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- World Development (publishedVersion)
- Research portal (Tilburg University) (publishedVersion)
- City Research Online (City University London) (acceptedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- OPUS 4 (Zuse Institute Berlin) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Microfinance and Financial Inclusion
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Accounting › Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis
- Keywords
- access to finance, gender gap, women, formal financial services, sub-Saharan Africa, selection bias, household characteristics, employment status, income
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