Precision medicine and drug development in Alzheimer’s disease: the importance of sexual dimorphism and patient stratification
Open accessAbstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) are among the leading causes of disability and mortality. Considerable sex differences exist in the occurrence of the various manifestations leading to cognitive decline. Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibits substantial sexual dimorphisms and disproportionately affects women. Women have a higher life expectancy compared to men and, consequently, have more lifespan to develop AD. The emerging precision medicine and pharmacology concepts - taking into account the individual genetic and biological variability relevant for disease risk, prevention, detection, diagnosis, and treatment - are expected to substantially enhance our knowledge and management of AD. Stratifying the affected individuals by sex and gender is an important basic step towards personalization of scientific research, drug development, and care. We hypothesize that sex and gender differences, extending from genetic to psychosocial domains, are highly relevant for the understanding of AD pathophysiology, and for the conceptualization of basic/translational research and for clinical therapy trial design.
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Sex is a strong factor underlying phenotypic variability in AD.
“As sex is a strong factor underlying phenotypic variability in AD”
From Distinct sex-specific DNA methylation differences in Alzheimer’s disease (2022) · cites this paper as [7]
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- Authors
- Hampel, H., Vergallo, A., Giorgi, F. S., Kim, S. H., Depypere, H., Graziani, M., Saidi, A., Nisticò, R., & Lista, S.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- University of Pisa (IT)
- Hanyang University Seoul Hospital (KR)
- Ghent University Hospital (BE)
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- European Brain Research Institute (IT)
- University of Rome Tor Vergata (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Hampel, Harald
- Lista, Simone
- ORCID
- Venue
- Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-07
- Volume
- 50
- Pages
- 31-51
- ISSN
- 0091-3022 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2808696240
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 213
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 0.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Cineca Institutional Research Information System (Tor Vergata University) (submittedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-10-IAHU-0006)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Sex and Gender in Healthcare
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, sex differences, sexual dimorphism, precision medicine, drug development, patient stratification, gender differences, women, neurodegenerative diseases, clinical trial design, cognitive decline
- MeSH terms
- Drug Development, Alzheimer Disease, Humans, Sex Characteristics, Biomarkers, Precision Medicine
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