The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Azo dyes in clothing textiles can be cleaved into a series of mutagenic aromatic amines which are not regulated yet
Open accessAbstract
Azo dyes represent the by far most important class of textile dyes. Their biotransformation by various skin bacteria may release aromatic amines (AAs) which might be dermally absorbed to a major extent. Certain AAs are well known to have genotoxic and/or carcinogenic properties. Correspondingly, azo dyes releasing one of the 22 known carcinogenic AAs are banned from clothing textiles in the European Union. In the present study, we investigated the mutagenicity of 397 non-regulated AAs potentially released from the 470 known textile azo dyes. We identified 36 mutagenic AAs via publicly available databases. After predicting their mutagenicity potential using the method by Bentzien, we accordingly allocated them into different priority groups. Ames tests on 18 AAs of high priority showed that 4 substances (22%) (CASRN 84-67-3, 615-47-4, 3282-99-3, 15791-87-4) are mutagenic in the strain TA98 and/or TA100 with and/or without rat S9 mix. Overall, combining the information from the Ames tests and the publicly available data, we identified 40 mutagenic AAs being potential cleavage products of approximately 180 different parent azo dyes comprising 38% of the azo dyes in our database. The outcome of this study indicates that mutagenic AAs in textile azo dyes are of much higher concern than previously expected, which entails implications on the product design and possibly on the regulation of azo dyes in the future.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
General atomic and molecular electronic structure system
Schmidt, M. W., Baldridge, K. K., Boatz, J. A., Elbert, S. T., Gordon, M. S., Jensen, J. H., Koseki, S., Matsunaga, N., Nguyen, K. A., Su, S., et al. (1993) · Journal of Computational Chemistry · doi:10.1002/jcc.540141112 · Cited by 20,204
Merck molecular force field. I. Basis, form, scope, parameterization, and performance of MMFF94
Halgren, T. A. (1996) · Journal of Computational Chemistry · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-987x(199604)17:5/6<490::aid-jcc1>3.0.co;2-p · Cited by 5,306
Advances in electronic structure theory
Gordon, M. S., & Schmidt, M. W. (2005) · Theory and Applications of Computational Chemistry · doi:10.1016/b978-044451719-7/50084-6 · Cited by 1,596
Theory and applications of computational chemistry : the first forty years
Dykstra, C. E., Frenking, G., Kim, K. S., & Scuseria, G. E. (2005) · Cited by 1,483
MMFF VI. MMFF94s option for energy minimization studies
Halgren, T. A. (1999) · Journal of Computational Chemistry · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-987x(199905)20:7<720::aid-jcc7>3.0.co;2-x · Cited by 1,226
Halgren, T. A. (1996) · Journal of Computational Chemistry · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-987x(199604)17:5/6<520::aid-jcc2>3.0.co;2-w · Cited by 1,130
Merck molecular force field. IV. conformational energies and geometries for MMFF94
Halgren, T. A., & Nachbar, R. B. (1996) · Journal of Computational Chemistry · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-987x(199604)17:5/6<587::aid-jcc4>3.0.co;2-q · Cited by 879
Merck molecular force field. III. Molecular geometries and vibrational frequencies for MMFF94
Halgren, T. A. (1996) · Journal of Computational Chemistry · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-987x(199604)17:5/6<553::aid-jcc3>3.0.co;2-t · Cited by 814
Halgren, T. A. (1996) · Journal of Computational Chemistry · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-987x(199604)17:5/6<616::aid-jcc5>3.0.co;2-x · Cited by 772
Derivation and Validation of Toxicophores for Mutagenicity Prediction
Kazius, J., McGuire, R., & Bursi, R. (2005) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm040835a · Cited by 666
Cited by
Al-Tohamy, R., Ali, S. S., Li, F., Okasha, K. M., Mahmoud, Y. A.-G., Elsamahy, T., Jiao, H., Fu, Y., & Sun, J. (2022) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113160 · Cited by 3,479
A review on classifications, recent synthesis and applications of textile dyes
Benkhaya, S., M' rabet, S., & El Harfi, A. (2020) · Inorganic Chemistry Communications · doi:10.1016/j.inoche.2020.107891 · Cited by 927
Recent advancements in bioremediation of dye: Current status and challenges
Vikrant, K., Giri, B. S., Raza, N., Roy, K., Kim, K.-H., Rai, B. N., & Singh, R. S. (2018) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.029 · Cited by 601
Classification and impact of synthetic textile dyes on Aquatic Flora: A review
Sharma, J., Sharma, S., & Soni, V. (2021) · Regional Studies in Marine Science · doi:10.1016/j.rsma.2021.101802 · Cited by 447
Catalytic Oxidation Process for the Degradation of Synthetic Dyes: An Overview
Javaid, R., & Qazi, U. Y. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16112066 · Cited by 365
Metadata
- Authors
- Brüschweiler, B. J., & Merlot, C.
- Venue
- Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-08
- Volume
- 88
- Pages
- 214-226
- ISSN
- 0273-2300 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2731606901
- Cited by
- 316
- References
- 27
- FWCI
- 7.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Azo dyes in clothing textiles can be cleaved into a series of mutagenic aromatic amines which are not regulated yet. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.06.012
- The paper
- Brüschweiler, B. J., & Merlot, C. (2017). Azo dyes in clothing textiles can be cleaved into a series of mutagenic aromatic amines which are not regulated yet. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.06.012
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
