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In silico toxicology protocols
Open accessAbstract
The present publication surveys several applications of in silico (i.e., computational) toxicology approaches across different industries and institutions. It highlights the need to develop standardized protocols when conducting toxicity-related predictions. This contribution articulates the information needed for protocols to support in silico predictions for major toxicological endpoints of concern (e.g., genetic toxicity, carcinogenicity, acute toxicity, reproductive toxicity, developmental toxicity) across several industries and regulatory bodies. Such novel in silico toxicology (IST) protocols, when fully developed and implemented, will ensure in silico toxicological assessments are performed and evaluated in a consistent, reproducible, and well-documented manner across industries and regulatory bodies to support wider uptake and acceptance of the approaches. The development of IST protocols is an initiative developed through a collaboration among an international consortium to reflect the state-of-the-art in in silico toxicology for hazard identification and characterization. A general outline for describing the development of such protocols is included and it is based on in silico predictions and/or available experimental data for a defined series of relevant toxicological effects or mechanisms. The publication presents a novel approach for determining the reliability of in silico predictions alongside experimental data. In addition, we discuss how to determine the level of confidence in the assessment based on the relevance and reliability of the information.
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Myatt, G. J., Ahlberg, E., Akahori, Y., Allen, D., Amberg, A., Anger, L. T., Aptula, A., Auerbach, S., Beilke, L., Bellion, P., Benigni, R., Bercu, J., Booth, E. D., Bower, D., Brigo, A., Burden, N., Cammerer, Z., Cronin, M. T. D., Cross, K. P., Custer, L., Dettwiler, M., Dobo, K., Ford, K. A., Fortin, M. C., Gad-McDonald, S. E., Gellatly, N., Gervais, V., Glover, K. P., Glowienke, S., Van Gompel, J., Gutsell, S., Hardy, B., Harvey, J. S., Hillegass, J., Honma, M., Hsieh, J.-H., Hsu, C.-W., Hughes, K., Johnson, C., Jolly, R., Jones, D., Kemper, R., Kenyon, M. O., Kim, M. T., Kruhlak, N. L., Kulkarni, S. A., Kümmerer, K., Leavitt, P., Majer, B., Masten, S., Miller, S., Moser, J., Mumtaz, M., Muster, W., Neilson, L., Oprea, T. I., Patlewicz, G., Paulino, A., Lo Piparo, E., Powley, M., Quigley, D. P., Reddy, M. V., Richarz, A.-N., Ruiz, P., Schilter, B., Serafimova, R., Simpson, W., Stavitskaya, L., Stidl, R., Suarez-Rodriguez, D., Szabo, D. T., Teasdale, A., Trejo-Martin, A., Valentin, J.-P., Vuorinen, A., Wall, B. A., Watts, P., White, A. T., Wichard, J., Witt, K. L., Woolley, A., Woolley, D., Zwickl, C., & Hasselgren, C.
- Affiliations
- LeadScope (United States) (US)
- AstraZeneca (Sweden) (SE)
- Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute (JP)
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc. (US)
- Sanofi (Germany) (DE)
- Unilever (United Kingdom) (GB)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- DSM (Switzerland) (CH)
- Gilead Sciences (United States) (US)
- Syngenta (United Kingdom) (GB)
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG (CH)
- National Centre for the Replacement Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (GB)
- Janssen Research & Development (United States) (US)
- Liverpool John Moores University (GB)
- Bristol-Myers Squibb (United States) (US)
- Pfizer (United States) (US)
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Defense Threat Reduction Agency (US)
- Novartis (Switzerland) (CH)
- GlaxoSmithKline (United Kingdom) (GB)
- National Institute of Health Sciences (JP)
- United States Food and Drug Administration (US)
- Leuphana University of Lüneburg (DE)
- Eli Lilly (United States) (US)
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (United States) (US)
- Takeda (United States) (US)
- United States Department of Homeland Security (US)
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (US)
- British American Tobacco (United Kingdom) (GB)
- University of New Mexico (US)
- Environmental Protection Agency (US)
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States) (US)
- European Commission (BE)
- European Food Safety Authority (IT)
- AstraZeneca (United Kingdom) (GB)
- UCB Pharma (Belgium) (BE)
- Colgate-Palmolive (United States) (US)
- Bibra International (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Myatt, Glenn J.
- ORCID
- Ahlberg, Ernst
- Allen, David
- Amberg, Alexander
- Aptula, Aynur
- Auerbach, Scott
- Beilke, Lisa
- Bellion, Phillip
- Benigni, Romualdo
- Bercu, Joel
- Bower, Dave
- Brigo, Alessandro
- Burden, Natalie
- Cronin, Mark T.D.
- Cross, Kevin P.
- Dobo, Krista
- Ford, Kevin A.
- Glowienke, Susanne
- Gutsell, Steve
- Hardy, Barry
- Harvey, James S.
- Hillegass, Jedd
- Honma, Masamitsu
- Johnson, Candice
- Jolly, Robert
- Kim, Marlene T.
- Kruhlak, Naomi L.
- Kulkarni, Sunil A.
- Kümmerer, Klaus
- Masten, Scott
- Miller, Scott
- Mumtaz, Moiz
- Muster, Wolfgang
- Oprea, Tudor I.
- Patlewicz, Grace
- Richarz, Andrea-Nicole
- Ruiz, Patricia
- Stavitskaya, Lidiya
- Szabo, David T.
- Teasdale, Andrew
- White, Angela T.
- Wichard, Joerg
- Witt, Kristine L.
- Woolley, Adam
- Woolley, David
- Venue
- Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-07
- Volume
- 96
- Pages
- 1-17
- ISSN
- 0273-2300 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6026539
- OpenAlex
- W2799297366
- Cited by
- 240
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 7
- FWCI
- 18.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Multilingual Matters (Channel View Publications) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Liverpool John Moores University (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Joint Research Centre (European Commission) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
- National Institutes of Health (R43ES026909)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Drug Discovery › Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal testing and alternatives
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
- Keywords
- computational toxicology, standardized protocols, toxicity prediction, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, acute toxicity, reproductive toxicity, developmental toxicity, hazard identification, forecast reliability, confidence level, regulatory acceptance, reproducibility
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Computer Simulation, Humans, Toxicology, Toxicity Tests
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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