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Cited by 189Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmiasHeart Rate Variability and Autonomic ControlSex and Gender in Healthcare

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Gender-Specific Differences in the QT Interval and the Effect of Autonomic Tone and Menstrual Cycle in Healthy Adults

Burke, John H, Ehlert, Frederick A, Kruse, Jane T, Parker, Michele A, Goldberger, Jeffrey J, Kadish, Alan H·1997·The American Journal of Cardiology
DOI 10.1016/s0002-9149(96)00707-2
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Abstract

Gender differences in the corrected QT interval have been noted since Bazett's initial description during the 1920s. The mechanism of this gender difference is unknown, and this study was undertaken to evaluate potential autonomic and menstrual cycle effects on the QT interval. The study population consisted of a healthy volunteer sample of 23 women and 20 men. Twelve-lead electrocardiographic determinations were made at rest and following double autonomic blockade (with atropine and propranolol) during the menstrual, follicular, and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Men were studied during 3 separate visits as controls. The corrected QT interval at baseline tended to be longer in women than men (421 +/- 16 ms vs 414 +/- 15 ms: p <0.07). Following double autonomic blockade, the corrected QT interval increased to 439 +/- 11 ms: p <0.001). However, the gender difference in corrected QT interval was unchanged (443 +/- 15 ms vs 437 +/- 12 ms). At baseline, there was no significant difference in the corrected QT interval among the 3 phases of the menstrual cycle (421 +/- 10, 423 +/- 18, and 420 +/- 18 in the menstrual, follicular, and luteal phases, respectively) and the corrected QT interval was longer in women than men at each visit. Following double autonomic blockade, the corrected QT interval in women was shorter in the luteal phase (438 +/- 16 ms) versus the menstrual (446 +/- 15 ms) or the follicular phase (444 +/- 13 ms; p <0.05). However, this difference, which was not present at baseline, does not appear to be responsible for the gender difference in the QT interval at rest. In conclusion, our results confirm that the corrected QT interval tends to be longer in women than men. Differences in autonomic tone and menstrual cycle variability in the corrected QT in women at rest do not appear to be responsible for the gender differences in the QT interval. The mechanism responsible for the longer QT interval in women remains to be defined.

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Crossref · 10.1016/s0002-9149(96)00707-2

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Citations

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. Bazett, 1920, An analysis of the time relationship of electrograms, Heart, 7, 353
  2. Dessertenne, 1966, Considerations sur l'électrocardiogramme de la fibrillation ventriculaire, Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss, 59, 262
  3. Burke, 1993, Gender differences in the heart rate before and after autonomic blockade: are they truly gender related?, Circulation, 88, 145

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Metadata

Authors
Burke, J. H., Ehlert, F. A., Kruse, J. T., Parker, M. A., Goldberger, J. J., & Kadish, A. H.
Affiliations
Northwestern University (US)
ORCID
Venue
The American Journal of Cardiology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1997-01
Volume
79
Issue
2
Pages
178-181
ISSN
0002-9149 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s0002-9149(96)00707-2
OpenAlex
W2127467308
Cited by
189
References
27
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 10
FWCI
2.68
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • The American Journal of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Center for Research Resources (M01 RR00048, M01RR000048)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Sex and Gender in Healthcare
Keywords
QT interval, sex differences, menstrual cycle, autonomic tone, atropine, propranolol, luteal phase, follicular phase
MeSH terms
Adult, Atropine, Autonomic Nervous System, Electrocardiography, Female, Follicular Phase, Heart Conduction System, Heart Rate, Humans, Luteal Phase, Male, Menstrual Cycle, Menstruation, Parasympatholytics, Propranolol, Rest, Sex Characteristics, Sympatholytics, Multivariate Analysis

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