The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Interleukin-6 concentrations in umbilical cord plasma are elevated in neonates with white matter lesions associated with periventricular leukomalacia
Abstract
Objective Periventricular leukomalacia, a common brain white matter lesion in preterm neonates, is a major risk factor for cerebral palsy. Recently, cytokines (i.e., tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1(beta)) have been implicated as mediators for the development of periventricular leukomalacia. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between umbilical cord plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1(beta), interleukin-6, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and the occurrence of periventricular leukomalacia in preterm neonates.Study design Umbilical cord blood was collected from 172 consecutive preterm births (25 to 36 weeks). Periventricular leukomalacia-associated lesions were diagnosed by brain ultrasonography within the first 3 days of life. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1(beta) interleukin-6, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist were measured by sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunoassay methods. Umbilical cord arterial pH was measured at birth. Statistical analysis was performed with multiple logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.Results Periventricular leukomalacia-associated lesions were present in 14.5% (25/172) of infants. Plasma concentrations of interleukin-6 but not of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1(beta), and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist were significantly higher in neonates with periventricular leukomalacia-associated lesions than in those without these lesions (median 718, range < 226 to 32,000 pg/ml vs median < 226, range < 226 to 43,670 pg/ml; p < 0.0001). An interleukin-6 value > or = 400 pg/ml had a sensitivity of 72% (18/25) and a specificity of 74% (108/147) in the identification of periventricular leukomalacia-associated lesions. Multivariate analysis showed that umbilical cord interleukin-6 was an independent risk factor for periventricular leukomalacia (odds ratio 6.2, p < 0.002) after correction for known confounding variables (i.e., gestational age at birth, umbilical artery pH, chorioamnionitis).Conclusions Interleukin-6 concentrations in umbilical cord plasma are elevated in neonates with periventricular leukomalacia-associated lesions. Our data support the hypothesis that periventricular leukomalacia may be the result of cytokine-mediated brain injury.
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“The fetal inflammatory response has been linked to the onset of preterm labour, and fetal injury and long-term handicap—including periventricular leucomalacia, cerebral palsy, and chronic lung disease.92, 93, 94”
From Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth (2008) · cites this paper as [92]
Citations
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Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth
Goldenberg, R. L., Culhane, J. F., Iams, J. D., & Romero, R. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60074-4 · Cited by 7,801
“[92] [93] [94] Bacterial vaginosis-a disorder defi ned by a change in the microbial ecosystem of the vagina-is diagnosed clinically by the presence of clue cells, a vaginal pH greater than 4·5, a profuse white discharge, and a fi shy odour when the vaginal discharge is exposed to potassium hydroxide.”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe fetal inflammatory response syndrome
Gomez, R., Romero, R., Ghezzi, F., Yoon, B. H., Mazor, M., & Berry, S. M. (1998) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(98)70272-8 · Cited by 1,111
Self-citationChorioamnionitis as a Risk Factor for Cerebral Palsy
Wu, T.-W., & Colford, J. M. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.284.11.1417 · Cited by 954
Neurobiology of Periventricular Leukomalacia in the Premature Infant
Volpe, J. J. (2001) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/00006450-200111000-00003 · Cited by 945
Hagberg, B. A., Hagberg, G., Olow, I., & von Wendt, L. (1996) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1996.tb14193.x · Cited by 917
Metadata
- Authors
- Yoon, B. H., Romero, R., Yang, S. H., Jun, J. K., Kim, I.-O., Choi, J.-H., & Syn, H. C.
- Affiliations
- Seoul National University (KR)
- Venue
- American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1996-05
- Volume
- 174
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1433-1440
- ISSN
- 0002-9378 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1964039180
- Cited by
- 584
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 21.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Neonatal and fetal brain pathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Preterm Birth and Chorioamnionitis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Neonatal and Maternal Infections
- Keywords
- periventricular leukomalacia, interleukin-6, umbilical cord plasma, preterm infants, white matter lesions, TNF-α, IL-1β, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, cytokines, cerebral palsy risk, umbilical artery pH, biomarkers, risk factors, brain ultrasonography, gestational age
- MeSH terms
- Adult, C-Reactive Protein, Female, Fetal Blood, Humans, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Interleukin-1, Leukomalacia, Periventricular, Osmolar Concentration, Pregnancy, ROC Curve, Sensitivity and Specificity, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukin-6, Receptors, Interleukin-1
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