Model Studies of the Magnetocardiogram
Open accessAbstract
A general expression is developed for the quasi-static magnetic field outside an inhomogeneous nonmagnetic volume conductor containing internal electromotive forces. Multipole expansions for both the electric and magnetic fields are derived. It is shown that the external magnetic field vanishes under conditions of axial symmetry. The magnetic field for a dipole current source in a sphere is derived, and the effect of an eccentric spherical inhomogeneity is analyzed. Finally the magnetic dipole moment is calculated for a current dipole in a conducting prolate spheroid.
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General theory of bioelectromagnetism describes the amount of potential additional information provided by MCG.
“a foundational research from the general theory of bioelectromagnetism describes the amount of potential additional information provided by MCG (1–7)”
From Clinical magnetocardiography: the unshielded bet—past, present, and future (2023) · cites this paper as [3]
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CHAPTER 9 – Magnetoencephalography and Magnetic Source Imaging
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“N IH -PA Author M anuscript N IH -PA Author M anuscript N IH -PA Author M anuscript that radial primary currents in a spherically symmetric volume conductor do not produce external magnetic fields (Baule and McFee, 1965, Grynszpan and Geselowitz, 1973).”
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“Although this is not the only possible method, it is straightforward and has been widely used in MCG source localization (e.g. Katila 1983, Nenonen et al 1991).”
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“However, MEG measurement is not capable of recording cortical activation of gyri where the electric current generated is oriented vertically to the brain surface (Gryzpan and Geselowitz, 1973).”
BackgroundBabyMEG: A whole-head pediatric magnetoencephalography system for human brain development research.
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“Because Bn is not affected by the volume currents when using the concentric spheres model [2], this field distribution reflects the source only and is therefore often called the "source term.”
BackgroundClinical magnetocardiography: the unshielded bet—past, present, and future
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“The most common approach to the solution of this problem is to approximate the current distribution (assumed to be localised according to realistic anatomical and physiological constraints) using a finite number of current dipoles of differing magnitudes and orientations [16,17].”
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MAGNETIC LOCATION OF CORTICAL ACTIVITY *
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Magnetic field of the human sensorimotor cortex
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“The most important difference in how signals are cancelled differently in EEG and MEG is a consequence of the fact that MEG is preferentially sensitive to source orientation (Cuffin, 1990; Grynszpan and Geselowitz, 1973; Hamalainen et al., 1993).”
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“This is possible by capturing and studying the magnetic fields produced by excitations of small regions of the brain, using sensor measurements (Bronzan, 1971; Dassios, 2006, 2007, 2008a, 2008b; Dassios and Fokas, 2008a; Dassios et al., 2005, 2007a, 2007b; Dassios and Kariotou, 2003a, 2003b, 2004, 2005; Fokas et al.,…”
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“Because the secondary sources are directed normal to the boundary surface, the magnetic field due to the secondary sources at the scalp and skull should be parallel to their respective tangential plane of the boundary containing the secondary sources (Grynszpan and Geselowitz, 1973).”
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Characterization of the human auditory cortex by the neuromagnetic method
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Dependence of the MEG on dipole orientation in the rabbit head.
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“For estimates of the equivalent current dipoles (ECDs), we attempted to minimize the estimation error by using the equation of Grynszpan–Geselowitz (Grynszpan and Geselowitz, 1973).”
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Representation of Salty Taste Stimulus Concentrations in the Primary Gustatory Area in Humans
Kobayakawa, T., Saito, S., Gotow, N., & Ogawa, H. (2008) · Chemosensory Perception · doi:10.1007/s12078-008-9030-4 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“In our estimation of ECDs, we attempted to minimize error by using Grynszpan–Geselowitz’s equation (Grynszpan and Geselowitz 1973; see Kobayakawa et al. 1996).”
MethodInferences concerning anatomy and physiology of the human brain based on its magnetic field
Okada, Y. C. (1983) · Il Nuovo Cimento D · doi:10.1007/bf02455940 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The exterior magnetic field for the multilayer ellipsoidal model of the brain
Dassios, G., Giapalaki, S. N., Kandili, A. N., & Kariotou, F. (2007) · doi:10.1093/qjmam/hbl022 · Cited by 25
Kuriki, S., Murase, M., & Takeuchi, F. (1989) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(89)90259-9 · Cited by 23
Roth, B. J. (2024) · Biophysics Reviews · doi:10.1063/5.0201950 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Magnetocardiography: An Overview
Geselowitz, D. B. (1979) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.1979.326430 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationSpatiotemporal imaging of complexity
Robinson, S., Mandell, A., & Coppola, R. (2013) · Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncom.2012.00101 · Cited by 21
“(11) Suitable methods for computing forward solutions include the current dipole in a homogeneously conducting sphere model (Grynszpan and Geselowitz, 1973; Sarvas, 1987; Hari et al., 1988), multiple local spheres fitted to the surface of the head (Huang et al., 1999), boundary element methods (De…”
MethodShigeto, H., Tobimatsu, S., Morioka, T., Yamamoto, T., Kobayashi, T., & Kato, M. (1997) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s0013-4694(97)00040-0 · Cited by 21
Magnetic fields of the human brain
Williamson, S., & Kaufman, L. (1980) · Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials · doi:10.1016/0304-8853(80)90405-9 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Magnetoencephalography signals are influenced by skull defects.
Lau, S., Flemming, L., & Haueisen, J. (2014) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2013.12.099 · Cited by 20
- Authors
- Grynszpan, F., & Geselowitz, D. B.
- Venue
- Biophysical Journal
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1973-09
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 911-925
- ISSN
- 0006-3495 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC1484372
- OpenAlex
- W2017229769
- Cited by
- 226
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 0.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Biophysical Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › ECG Monitoring and Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography
- Keywords
- magnetocardiogram, quasi-static magnetic field, volume conductor, multipole expansion, axial symmetry, prolate spheroid, magnetic dipole moment, cardiac magnetic field
- MeSH terms
- Conductometry, Heart, Magnetics, Mathematics, Models, Theoretical
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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