Stimulation of NTS activates NMDA and non-NMDA receptors in rat cardiac vagal neurons in the nucleus ambiguus.
Abstract
While it is widely accepted that tonic and reflex changes in cardiac vagal activity play significant roles in cardiovascular function, little is known about the synaptic pathways in the brainstem responsible for the control of cardiac vagal neurons in the nucleus ambiguus (NA). In this study, we identified the principal post-synaptic receptors activated in cardiac vagal neurons upon stimulation of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). Cardiac vagal neurons were identified by the presence of a retrograde fluorescent tracer and were visualized in rat brainstem slices. Perforated patch clamp techniques were used to record post-synaptic currents. NTS stimulation activated glutamatergic currents in cardiac vagal neurons with a typical delay of 8-18 ms. Post-synaptic responses were separated into NMDA and non-NMDA components using D-2-amino-5-phophonovalerate (AP5) and 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2, 3-dione (CNQX), respectively. In conclusion, this study characterizes a monosynaptic glutamatergic pathway from NTS that activates NMDA and kainate/AMPA post-synaptic receptors in cardiac vagal neurons.
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SARs project to discrete areas in the brainstem within the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and initiate inhibitory actions on downstream targets.
“These afferents project to discrete areas in the brainstem within the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and initiate inhibitory actions on downstream targets.”
From Hypothesis: Pulmonary Afferent Activity Patterns During Slow, Deep Breathing Contribute to the Neural Induction of Physiological Relaxation (2019) · cites this paper as Neff et al., 1998
SARs act on second-order ventrolateral NTS neurons to directly or indirectly inhibit cardioinhibitory neurons of the nucleus ambiguus.
“In contrast, SARs act on second-order ventrolateral NTS neurons to directly or indirectly inhibit cardioinhibitory neurons of the nucleus ambiguus (Stuesse and Fish, 1984; Neff et al., 1998; Ezure et al., 2002).”
From Hypothesis: Pulmonary Afferent Activity Patterns During Slow, Deep Breathing Contribute to the Neural Induction of Physiological Relaxation (2019) · cites this paper as Neff et al., 1998
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References 18 · Cited by 96
- Authors
- Neff, R. A., Mihalevich, M., & Mendelowitz, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Tennessee at Knoxville (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mendelowitz, D
- Venue
- Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1998-05
- Volume
- 792
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 277-282
- ISSN
- 0006-8993 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2112879412
- Cited by
- 96
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Heart Association
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL 49965)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
- Keywords
- nucleus tractus solitarius, nucleus ambiguus, cardiac vagal neurons, NMDA receptor, non-NMDA receptors, kainate receptors, AMPA receptors, glutamatergic neurotransmission, monosynaptic pathway, postsynaptic currents, AP5, CNQX
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Heart, Neurons, Organ Culture Techniques, Parasympathetic Nervous System, Vagus Nerve, 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Solitary Nucleus, Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists, 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Rats
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