Exploring cognitive complaints in schizophrenia: the subjective scale to investigate cognition in schizophrenia
Abstract
While it has become commonplace to test the various components of memory in schizophrenia with paper-and-pencil or in-lab tasks, very little data exist on the subjective complaints of patients regarding their memory. Few instruments have been designed to collect systematically the complaints of patients with schizophrenia. We present a work in progress on the Subjective Scale to Investigate Cognition in Schizophrenia (SSTICS), a 21-item, Likert-type scale that is simple and easy to use. It allows a quantitative approach to the subjective and cognitive dimensions of schizophrenia. Stip constructed the scale based on a questionnaire covering several cognitive domains: memory (working memory, explicit long-term memory), attention (divided, distractibility, alertness, sustained), language, and praxia. We evaluated the psychometric properties of the SSTICS in a population of 114 French-speaking patients in Montreal. Patients were recruited in the community and assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and the Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale (ESRS). Cognition was measured using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) (long-term memory), Controlled Oral Word Association Test (verbal fluency), and Trails A and B. Preliminary analyses showed very good internal consistency for the global score (alpha=0.88), and alphas varying from 0.57 to 0.72 for the subscales. Stability over time was very good. T…
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The SSTICS shows good internal consistency.
“The SSTICS shows good internal consistency.43”
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Corn, G. S., Watkin, K., & Williamson, J. (2018) · International Humanitarian Law · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-25551-1_8 · Cited by 783
How should DSM-V criteria for schizophrenia include cognitive impairment?
Keefe, R. S. E., & Fenton, W. S. (2007) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbm046 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Keefe, R. S. E., Poe, M. P., Walker, T. M., Kang, J. W., & Harvey, P. D. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.163.3.426 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Should cognitive impairment be included in the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia?
Keefe, R. S. E. (2008) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/j.2051-5545.2008.tb00142.x · Cited by 161 · see citing works
“However, these measures have generally relied upon the reports from patients and their treating clinicians, which have been unreliable and potentially invalid (43-46).”
BackgroundÉlie, D., Poirier, M., Chianetta, J. M., Durand, M., Gregoire, C. A., & Grignon, S. (2009) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881108100777 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Insight into neurocognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.
Medalia, A., & Thysen, J. (2008) · Schizophrenia bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbm144 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Medalia, A., Thysen, J., & Freilich, B. (2008) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2008.07.007 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Prouteau, A., Verdoux, H., Briand, C., Lesage, A., Lalonde, P., Nicole, L., Reinharz, D., & Stip, E. (2004) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2003.08.011 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citationAntipsychotic Drugs and Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review and Pairwise Network Meta-Analysis.
Feber, L. J., Peter, N., Chiocchia, V., Schneider-Thoma, J., Siafis, S., Bighelli, I., Hansen, W.-P., Lin, X., Prates-Baldez, D., Salanti, G., et al. (2024) · JAMA psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2890 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Chan, R., Wang, Y., Ma, Z., Hong, X., Yuan, Y.-B., Yu, X., Li, Z.-J., Shum, D., & Gong, Q. (2008) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2008.02.019 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
“, 1982; Hermann, 1982; Martin and Jones, 1983) and schizophrenia patients (e.g., Prouteau et al., 2004; Stip et al., 2003).”
BackgroundOspina-Pinillos, L., Davenport, T., Diaz, A. M., Navarro-Mancilla, A., Scott, E., & Hickie, I. (2019) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/14127 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
“The self-report assessment included 16 modules (Table 1 [64-89]) with smart skips built in so that it was tailored to each individual and took a minimum amount of time to complete (approximately 45 minutes).”
MethodVentura, J., Reise, S., Keefe, R., Baade, L., Gold, J., Green, M. F., Kern, R., Mesholam-Gately, R., Nuechterlein, K., Seidman, L., et al. (2010) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2010.04.016 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Schürhoff, F., Fond, G. B., Berna, F. S., Bulzacka, E., Vilain, J., Capdevielle, D., Misdrahi, D., Leboyer, M., & Llorca, P. (2015) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.05.004 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
“Cognitive complaint Subjective Scale to Investigate Cognition in Schizophrenia (STICSS) [67]”
MethodNicolas Franck, B., Duboc, C., Sundby, C., Amado, I., Wykes, T., Demily, C., Launay, C., Roy, V. L., Bloch, P., Willard, D., et al. (2013) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2013.03.009 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
“This included: self-esteem (Rosenberg, 1965), insight (Birchwood et al., 1994), and subjective complaints of patients regarding their cognition (SSTICS, Stip et al., 2003).”
Potvin, S., Stip, E., Tempier, A., Pampoulova, T., Bentaleb, L., Lalonde, P., Lipp, O., Goffaux, P., & Marchand, S. (2008) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2007.11.001 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
“Patients’ cognitive complaints were assessed with the Subjective Scale to Investigate Cognition in Schizophrenia (SSTICS) (Stip et al., 2003).”
MethodSelf-citationde Fouchier, C., Blanchet, A., Hopkins, W. G., Bui, É., Aoudia, M. A., & Jehel, L. (2012) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.3402/ejpt.v3i0.19225 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
CANTAB explicit memory is less impaired in addicted schizophrenia patients.
Potvin, S., Briand, C., Prouteau, A., Bouchard, R., Lipp, O., Lalonde, P., Nicole, L., Lesage, A., & Stip, E. (2005) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2005.04.002 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationPotvin, S., Stip, E., Lipp, O., Élie, R., Mancini-Marı̈e, A., Demers, M., Roy, M., Bouchard, R., & Gendron, A. (2006) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1185/030079906x112561 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationKühn, S., Berna, F. S., Lüdtke, T., Gallinat, J., & Moritz, S. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00129 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
“67), to test which domain is affected the most (Stip et al., 2003).”
BackgroundInfluentialVoruganti, L., Whatham, J., Bard, E., Parker, G. R., Babbey, C., Ryan, J., Lee, S.-M., & MacCrimmon, D. (2006) · Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · doi:10.1177/070674370605100905 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
“A review of the within-group and between-group differences on the ANOVA indicated that participants in the study group reported marginal improvement in perceived cognitive deficits (SSTICS) and functioning (SIP) but that there were significant improvements in self-esteem (ASIS) and global functioning (GAF).”
MethodPain perception in schizophrenia: evidence of a specific pain response profile.
Lévesque, M., Potvin, S., Marchand, S., Stip, E., Grignon, S., Pierre, L., Lipp, O., & Goffaux, P. (2012) · Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2012.01505.x · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationVentura, J., Reise, S., Keefe, R., Hurford, I. M., Wood, R. C., & Bilder, R. (2013) · Schizophrenia bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbs001 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“The Subjective Scale to Investigate Cognition in Schizophrenia (SSTICS) is a 21-item self-report questionnaire aimed at exploring cognitive complaints and difficulties that patients could experience in everyday life.(29) The questions address cognitive dimensions that have been reported to be impaired in schizophrenia.”
van der Werf-Eldering, M. J., Burger, H., Jabben, N., Holthausen, E. A., Aleman, A., & Nolen, W. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.10.005 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“, 2010) and seem to exaggerate cognitive complaints (Antikainen et al., 2001; Broadbent et al., 1982; Dentone and Insua, 1997; Martinez-Aran et al., 2005; Stip et al., 2003).”
BackgroundMedalia, A., & Thysen, J. (2010) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2009.09.027 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“All rights reserved. logical symptoms (Harvey et al., 2001; Keefe et al., 2006; Medalia and Lim, 2004; Medalia and Thysen, 2008; Moritz et al., 2004; Sanjuan et al., 2006; Stip et al., 2003).”
Stip, É. (2006) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/s0013-7006(06)76162-0 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationInvestigation of metamemory dysfunctions in first-episode schizophrenia.
Moritz, S., Woodward, T., & Chen, E. (2006) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2005.09.004 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“(Danion et al., 2003; Koren et al., 2005; Moritz et al., 2004a; Parnas et al., 2003; Stip et al., 2003).”
BackgroundCella, M., Swan, S., Medin, E., Reeder, C., & Wykes, T. (2013) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713001189 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“The scale has good internal consistency (α= 0.86) and test–retest reliability (r=0.8; Stip et al. 2003).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialDissociating self-reported cognitive complaint from clinical insight in schizophrenia
Bayard, S., Capdevielle, D., Boulenger, J., & Raffard, S. (2009) · European psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.12.010 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Kim, J., Shin, Y.-J., & Joo, Y. (2016) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s108537 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“The SSTICS scores have been found to be significantly correlated with objective neuropsychological test results.(4) Patients’ subjective experience of stigma was assessed using the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMI).”
BackgroundMethodSubjective and Objective Cognitive Dysfunction in Schizophrenia – is there a Link?
Homayoun, S., Nadeau-Marcotte, F., Luck, D., & Stip, É. (2011) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00148 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“In fact Stip et al. (2003) noted that factorial grouping based on the responses of patients with schizophrenia differed from that worked out from cognitive neuropsychology models.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationVoruganti, L. P., AWAD, A., PARKER, G., Forrest, C. B., USMANI, Y., Fernando, M. L. D., & SENTHILAL, S. (2007) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2007.08.002 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“Subjective scale to investigate cognition in schizophrenia [SSTICS] 21 item, self-administered scale to quantify self-rated cognitive dysfunction; scores range between 0 and 84, higher score indicates greater cognitive deficits (Stip et al., 2003).”
BackgroundSellwood, W., Morrison, A. P., Beck, R., Heffernan, S., Law, H., & Bentall, R. P. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083774 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“Subjective Scale to Investigate Cognition in Schizophrenia (SSTICS) The SSTICS [20] is a brief, 21 item self report scale examining subjective complaints about memory, attention, praxia and executive function in patients affected by schizophrenia.”
BackgroundSánchez, J., Rosenthal, D., Tansey, T., Frain, M. P., & Bezyak, J. (2016) · Rehabilitation Psychology · doi:10.1037/rep0000059 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Lecardeur, L., Stip, E., Giguére, M., Blouin, G., Rodriguez, J.-P., & Champagne-Lavau, M. (2009) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2009.03.029 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“While SSTICS score seems to diminish after MFT and MSAT, the lack of significant difference between subjective complaint scores after MFT andMSAT is surprising.”
MethodInfluentialSelf-citationLecardeur, L., Briand, C., Prouteau, A., Lalonde, P., Nicole, L., Lesage, A., & Stip, E. (2009) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2008.09.003 · Cited by 45
“Moreover, we demonstrated in our validation study of this scale that subjective complaints relative to cognitive deficits correlated with several objective cognitive measures, such as explicit memory (Stip et al., 2003).”
MethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationXie, D., Shi, H., Lui, S. S. Y., Shi, C., Li, Y., Ho, K. K. Y., Hung, K. S. Y., Li, W., Yi, Z., Cheung, E. F. C., et al. (2018) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sby013 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Subjective rating of working memory is associated with frontal lobe volume in schizophrenia
Garlinghouse, M. A., Roth, R. M., Isquith, P. Κ., Flashman, L. A., & Saykin, A. J. (2010) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2010.02.1067 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Patients’ perception of their cognitive problems on the SSTICS was also found to be associated with clinician-rated severity of cognitive problems on a different measure (Lecardeur et al., 2009), as well as with selfesteem and mood (Lecardeur et al., 2009; Stip et al., 2003).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMechanisms of insight in schizophrenia and impact of cognitive remediation therapy.
Lalova, M., Baylé, F., Grillon, M., Houet, L., Moreau, E., Rouam, F., Cacot, P., & Piolino, P. (2013) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2012.10.005 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“The Subjective Scale to Investigate Cognition in Schizophrenia (SSTICS, [58]) was used to evaluate subjective complaints about the cognitive deficits, consistently reported in schizophrenia.”
Experimental Pain Hypersensitivity in Schizophrenic Patients
Girard, M., Plansont, B., Bonnabau, H., & Malauzat, D. (2011) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0b013e31821d904c · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“Cognition was evaluated using the Subjective Scale to Investigate Cognition in Schizophrenia (SSTICS).(33,34) Completion times for this test were <6 minutes.”
MethodOspina-Pinillos, L., Davenport, T., Navarro-Mancilla, A., Cheng, V., Alarcón, A. C. C., Rangel, A. M., Rueda-Jaimes, G. E., Gómez-Restrepo, C., & Hickie, I. (2020) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/15914 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Insight in schizophrenia: From conceptualization to neuroscience
Ouzir, M., Azorin, J., Adida, M., Boussaoud, D., & Battas, O. (2012) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2012.02325.x · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Johnson, I., Tabbane, K., Dellagi, L., & Kebir, O. (2011) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.12.008 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
The Self-screen-Prodrome as a short screening tool for pre-psychotic states.
Müller, M., Vetter, S., Buchli-Kammermann, J., Stieglitz, R., Stettbacher, A., & Riecher-Rössler, A. (2010) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2010.08.018 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Neurocognitive insight and objective cognitive functioning in schizophrenia
Burton, C. Z., Harvey, P. D., Patterson, T. L., & Twamley, E. W. (2016) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2016.01.021 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
“Instruments to directly measure neurocognitive insight have been created to assess awareness of cognitive deficits in comparison to actual performance on cognitive tests, as well as to allow reliable measurement of patients' or caregivers' opinions about a patient's degree of neurocognitive deficit (Keefe et al., 2006…”
BackgroundInfluentialCella, M., Reeder, C., & Wykes, T. (2016) · Psychology and psychotherapy · doi:10.1111/papt.12062 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Saperstein, A. M., Thysen, J., & Medalia, A. (2012) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2011.10.002 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“, 2004) or attention and memory (Stip et al., 2003), the MIC scales focus on attention, memory, and executive functioning, which are the areas of neurocognition most commonly impaired in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and are linked to functional outcome (Green, 1996).”
BackgroundSelf-awareness of cognitive functioning in schizophrenia: patients and their relatives.
Poletti, S., Anselmetti, S., Riccaboni, R., Bosia, M., Buonocore, M., Smeraldi, E., & Cavallaro, R. (2012) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2011.12.040 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Stip et al. (Stip et al., 2003) administered the Subjective Scale to Investigate Cognition in Schizophrenia (SSTICS), a 21-item, selfreport Likert type scale that asks patients to rate the frequency with which they may experience problems in concentration and memory, to 114 individuals with…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCarruthers, S. P., Brunetti, G., & Rossell, S. L. (2021) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2021.05.011 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Johnson, I., Kebir, O., Azouz, O. B., Dellagi, L., Rabah, Y., & Tabbane, K. (2009) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-9-66 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Stip et al., using the Subjective Scale To Investigate Cognition in Schizophrenia (SSTICS), have also found a difference between the distribution of the items in the initial model and in the neo-construct of their scale [ 14 ].”
InfluentialCognitive deficit awareness in schizophrenia: absent, intact, or somewhere in-between?
Balzan, R., Neaves, A., Denson, L., Liu, D., & Galletly, C. (2014) · Cognitive Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1080/13546805.2014.909311 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Chan, R. C., Lui, S., Wang, Y., Liu, A. C., Chui, W. W. H., Shum, D. H. K., & Cheung, E. F. C. (2012) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329171200236x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“This is consistent with the general literature concerning self-reported and objective measures of cognitive functions in healthy participants (Martin & Jones, 1983) and in schizophrenia (Stip et al. 2003 ; Chan et al. 2008).”
ResultLevaux, M.-N., Vezzaro, J., Larøi, F., Offerlin-Meyer, I., Danion, J., & der Linden, M. V. (2008) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602010802091829 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Mam-Lam-Fook, C., Danset-Alexandre, C., Pedron, L., Amado, I., Raphaël Gaillard, B., & Krebs, M. (2017) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/j.encep.2017.02.001 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-Awareness Deficits of Cognitive Impairment in Individuals With Schizophrenia. Really?
Raffard, S., Lebrun, C., Bayard, S., Macgregor, A., & Capdevielle, D. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00731 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Bacon, É., Huet, N., & Danion, J. (2011) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2011.02.017 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Corbière, M., Mercier, C., LESAGE, A. D., & Villeneuve, K. (2005) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370505001112 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Bulzacka, E., Vilain, J., Schürhoff, F., Méary, A., Leboyer, M., & Szöke, A. (2013) · Mental Illness · doi:10.4081/mi.2013.e4 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Motor Agency: A New and Highly Sensitive Measure to Reveal Agency Disturbances in Early Psychosis
Wilquin, H., & Delevoye-Turrell, Y. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030449 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“In addition, the Subjective Scale To Investigate Cognition in Schizophrenia (SSTICS) was proposed [22].”
MethodResultSelf-perceived cognitive deficits and occupational outcome in persons with schizophrenia.
Verdoux, H., Monello, F., Goumilloux, R., Cougnard, A., & Prouteau, A. (2010) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.04.031 · Cited by 24
“Cognitive complaints were assessed using the Scale to Investigate Cognition in Schizophrenia (SSTICS) (Stip et al., 2003).”
Pachoud, B., Leplège, A., & Plagnol, A. (2009) · Revue française des affaires sociales · doi:10.3917/rfas.091.0257 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Suicidal Ideation and Schizophrenia: Contribution of Appraisal, Stigmatization, and Cognition
Stip, E., Caron, J., Tousignant, M., & Lecomte, Y. (2017) · Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · doi:10.1177/0706743717715207 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“The Subjective Scale to Investigate Cognition in Schizophrenia, assessing perceived cognitive dysfunction, was developed in French and validated by the authors.(55) It is a 21-item questionnaire measuring 4 domains of cognitive deficits: memory, attention, executive functions, and praxis (Cronbach alpha 1⁄4 0.”
MethodSelf-citationA feasibility study of a new computerised cognitive remediation for young adults with schizophrenia
Cellard, C., Reeder, C., Paradis-Giroux, A.-A., Roy, M., Gilbert, E., Ivers, H., Bouchard, R.-H., Maziade, M., & Wykes, T. (2015) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602011.2015.1019891 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“The standard deviations for the clinical variables were obtained from published research: Subjective Scale to Investigate Cognition in Schizophrenia (SSTICS; Stip et al., 2003), Self-Esteem Rating Scale short form (SERS; Staring, Van der Gaag, Van den Berge, Duivenvoorden, & Mulder, 2009), Positive and Negative Syndro…”
MethodInfluentialA Transnosographic Self-Assessment of Social Cognitive Impairments (ACSO): First Data
Graux, J., Thillay, A., Morlec, V., Sarron, P.-Y., Roux, S., Gaudelus, B., Prost, Z., Brénugat-Herné, L., Amado, I., Morel-Kohlmeyer, S., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00847 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Chuang, S., Wu, J., & Wang, C. (2019) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s193239 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Total scores ranged from 0 to 84 and higher scores indicated that the participants complained more about their cognitive impairment.(37) The LNNB Form-I is a standardized and multidimensional battery designed to identify a broad range of neuropsychological deficiencies.”
BackgroundLui, S., Wang, Y., Yang, T.-X., Liu, A. C., Chui, W. W. H., Yeung, H. K., Li, Z., Neumann, D., Shum, D., Cheung, E. F. C., et al. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.11.007 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Consistent with previous literature (Chan et al., 2008; Stip et al., 2003), our results suggest that self-report PM correlates poorly with objective PM measures.”
ResultVita, A., Deste, G., Barlati, S., Peri, L. D., Giambra, A., Poli, R., Keefe, R., & Sacchetti, E. (2013) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2013.02.035 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Different interview-based rating scales for the assessment of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia have been developed (e.g. López-Luengo, 2000; Stip et al., 2003; Medalia and Thysen, 2008; Medalia et al., 2008), but not all of them showed satisfactory correlationswith cognitive performance measures (Homayoun et al.”
MethodRemédiation cognitive de la schizophrénie. Présentation du programme RECOS
Vianin, P. (2007) · Annales Médico-psychologiques revue psychiatrique · doi:10.1016/j.amp.2007.01.008 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Violeau, L., Dudilot, A., Roux, S., & Prouteau, A. (2020) · Cognitive Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1080/13546805.2020.1714570 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“It has already been used to measure metacognitive task-independent knowledge, i.e. offline metacognition, in previous studies (Quiles et al., 2015; Stip et al., 2003; Thibaudeau et al., 2017).”
MethodLau, S., Connor, L., & Baum, C. (2021) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2021.2012845 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Mascio, A., Stewart, R. J., Botelle, R., Williams, M., Mirza, L., Patel, R., Pollak, T. A., Dobson, R., & Roberts, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Digital Health · doi:10.3389/fdgth.2021.711941 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Cognitive Impairments Definition In order to define the scope of cognitive impairments, we reviewed the domains covered by selected major cognitive test batteries and scales that were specifically developed for or adapted to Sz, including MCCB (9), CANTAB (10), The Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS)…”
MethodQuilès, C., Prouteau, A., & Verdoux, H. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.10.035 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
La conscience des déficits neurocognitifs dans la schizophrénie : une méta-analyse
Potvin, S., Pelletier, J., & Stip, E. (2014) · Santé mentale au Québec · doi:10.7202/1027839ar · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“BIS = Birchwood Insight Scale ; BPRS = Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ; CDSS = Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia ; CFQ = Cognitive Failure Questionnaire ; ESI = Eppendorf Schizophrenia Inventory ; FEDA = Questionnaire for Self-Experienced Deficits of Attention (Fragebogen erlebter, Defizite der Aufmerksamkeit…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationChang, W. C., Chan, T. C. W., Chiu, S. S., Hui, C. L. M., Chan, S. K. W., Lee, E. H. M., & Chen, E. Y. H. (2014) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.10.004 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Some researchers found that self-reported complaints were correlated positively with objective measures of cognitive function [9,16,17].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialMoritz, S., Spirandelli, K., Happach, I., Lion, D., & Berna, F. (2018) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617718000097 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Baliga, S. P., Kamath, R. M., & Kedare, J. S. (2020) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_639_19 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Subjective Scale To Investigate Cognition in Schizophrenia (SSTICS) was used to evaluate SCC. Indian Journal of Psychiatry Volume 62, Issue 2, March-April 2020180 It is a 21-item self-report questionnaire that covers self-awareness of problems in working memory, explicit memory (comprising episodic and semantic memory…”
MethodResultInfluentialZhornitsky, S., Potvin, S., Aubin, G., & Stip, E. (2011) · Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry (Print) · doi:10.3109/00048674.2011.561483 · Cited by 17
Self-citationMorrison, A. P., Law, H., Barrowclough, C., Bentall, R. P., Haddock, G., Jones, S. H., Kilbride, M., Pitt, E., Shryane, N. M., Tarrier, N., et al. (2016) · Programme Grants for Applied Research · doi:10.3310/pgfar04050 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Gilleen, J., Greenwood, K., & David, A. (2014) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2013.863835 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Welch, L. C., Trudeau, J., Silverstein, S., Sand, M., Henderson, D. C., & Rosen, R. (2017) · Patient Related Outcome Measures · doi:10.2147/prom.s123266 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Thibaudeau, É., Cellard, C., Reeder, C., Wykes, T., Ivers, H., Maziade, M., Lavoie, M.-A., Pothier, W., & Achim, A. M. (2017) · Schizophrenia Research and Treatment · doi:10.1155/2017/7203871 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Facteurs subjectifs et rétablissement dans la schizophrénie
Martin, B., & Franck, N. (2012) · L Évolution Psychiatrique · doi:10.1016/j.evopsy.2012.10.002 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
[Cognitive complaints in schizophrenia: relationship with insight and other cognitive measures].
Seco, R. B., Sanz, D. G., Modamio, M. F., Rodríguez, M. A., Calleja, R. S., Solís, R., López, A. A., & Soltero, A. Á. (2010) · Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental · doi:10.1016/j.rpsm.2010.03.002 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-report of Cognitive Functioning and Learning in Schizophrenia
Hake, D. L., Hamera, E. K., & Rempfer, M. V. (2007) · Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association · doi:10.1177/1078390307303111 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“The SSTICS (Stip et al., 2003) was originally developed and administered to French-speaking patients in Montreal.”
MethodInfluentialTsapekos, D., Taylor, R., & Cella, M. (2017) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602011.2017.1301263 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“and is in accordance with previous findings (Cella, Swan, Medin, Reeder, & Wykes, 2014; Medalia et al., 2008; Stip et al., 2003).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialCognitive Insight in Schizophrenia: The Missing Link Between Insight and Neurocognitive Complaint?
Tastet, H., Verdoux, H., Bergua, V., Destaillats, J., & Prouteau, A. (2012) · Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e31826ba160 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Procedure The Subjective Scale to Investigate Cognition in Schizophrenia (SSTICS; Stip et al., 2003) was used to evaluate metacognition about cognitive difficulties (i.”
MethodInfluentialDeterminants of occupational outcome in recent-onset psychosis: The role of cognition
Pothier, W., Cellard, C., Corbière, M., Villotti, P., Achim, A., Lavoie, A., Turcotte, M., Vallières, C., & Roy, M. (2019) · Schizophrenia Research: Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.scog.2019.100158 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“The Subjective Scale to Investigate Cognition in Schizophrenia (SSTICS) was used as a self-report measure of cognitive complaints (Stip et al., 2003).”
MethodSánchez, J., Rosenthal, D., Chan, F., Brooks, J. M., & Bezyak, J. (2016) · Rehabilitation Research Policy and Education · doi:10.1891/2168-6653.30.3.286 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“The SSTICS had a Cronbach’s alpha of .92 in this study.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCaractéristiques et impact des déficits métacognitifs dans la schizophrénie. Revue de la littérature
Quiles, C., Prouteau, A., & Verdoux, H. (2013) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/j.encep.2012.01.009 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Ehmann, T., Goldman, R., Yager, J., Xu, Y., & Macewan, G. (2007) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2007.05.017 · Cited by 11
Giraud-Baro, É., & Roussel, C. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-71342-2.00002-4 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Allott, K., Bryce, S., Douglas, K., Stainton, A., Wood, S., & Bowie, C. R. (2025) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.13811 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“…disorders, such as the Cognitive Complaints in Bipolar Rating Assessment (COBRA) [120], Perceived Deficits Questionnaire—Depression (PDQ-D) [121], Subjective Scale to Investigate Cognition in Schizophrenia (SSTICS) [122], or the Neuropsychological Symptoms Self-Report (NSSR) [123] to name a few.”
Grimstad, K., Sørensen, H., Vaskinn, A., Mohn, C., Olsen, S. H., Andreassen, O. A., Lagerberg, T. V., Melle, I., Øie, M. G., Ueland, T., et al. (2025) · Schizophrenia Research Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.scog.2025.100345 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Self Report (MiC-SR) (Medalia et al., 2008), the Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS) (Keefe et al., 2006), and the Subjective Scale to Investi-gate Cognition in Schizophrenia (SSTICS) (Stip et al., 2003).”
Self-assessment of social cognition in a sample of Lebanese in-patients with schizophrenia
Haddad, C., Salameh, P., Hallit, S. R., Sacre, H., Clément, J., & Calvet, B. (2021) · Schizophrenia Research Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.scog.2021.100207 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“, 2013), while others have reported significant associations between the two types of measures (Hake et al., 2007; Stip et al., 2003; Potvin et al., 2014).”
BackgroundCella, M., Bodnar, M., Lepage, M., Malla, A., Joober, R., Iyer, S., Wykes, T., & Preti, A. (2020) · Cognitive Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1080/13546805.2020.1722084 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The course of cognitive functioning after first-episode of psychosis: A six month follow-up study
Haring, L., Mõttus, R., Kajalaid, K., Koch, K., Uppin, K., Maron, E., & Vasar, E. (2016) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2016.10.017 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“…may be an important early indicator of schizophrenia, as it can precede prodromal symptoms (Hambrecht et al., 2002; Nuechterlein and Dawson, 1984) is prevalent among patients with FEP (Moritz et al., 2000) and in the late stages of the disorder (Homayoun et al., 2011; Stip et al., 2003).”
InfluentialAwareness of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and its relationship to insight into illness.
González-Suárez, B., Gomar, J., Pousa, E., Ortiz-Gil, J., García, A., Salvador, R., Sans-Sansa, B., Pomarol-Clotet, E., & McKenna, P. (2011) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2011.08.023 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Thus, it has been repeatedly found that patients' own evaluations of their cognitive function correlate poorly with objective measures of their cognitive performance (van den Bosch and Rombouts, 1998; Stip et al., 2003; Medalia and Lim, 2004; Moritz et al., 2004; Keefe et al., 2006; Chan et al., 2008; Medalia and Thys…”
Nicole, L., Abdel-Baki, A., Lesage, A., Granger, B., Stip, E., & Lalonde, P. (2007) · doi:10.7202/016523ar · Cited by 10
Self-citationStratta, P., Pacitti, F., Rossi, R., Chialastri, S., Santarelli, V., Marucci, C., Lorenzo, G. D., & Rossi, A. (2020) · Rivista di psichiatria · doi:10.1708/3333.33024 · Cited by 9
Passerieux, C., Bulot, V., Hardy-Baylé, M., & Roux, P. (2018) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2017.1312568 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Prouteau, A., Roux, S., Destaillats, J., & Bergua, V. (2017) · Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology · doi:10.1891/1945-8959.16.1.64 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“In the SSTICS validity study, Stip et al. (2003) reported scores for healthy controls (M 13.12, SD 6.2) and SSD participants (M 25.94, SD 9.72).”
BackgroundInfluential
- Authors
- Stip, E., Caron, J., Renaud, S., Pampoulova, T., & Lecomte, Y.
- Affiliations
- Université de Montréal (CA)
- Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal (CA)
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute (CA)
- ORCID
- Caron, J
- Venue
- Comprehensive Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-07
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 331-340
- ISSN
- 0010-440X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2076371841
- Cited by
- 214
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 2.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Comprehensive Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, subjective cognitive complaints, memory impairment, working memory, long-term memory, attention, psychometric validation, internal consistency, test-retest stability, subjective-objective correlation, French-speaking patients
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cognition Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Pilot Projects, Surveys and Questionnaires, Schizophrenia, Severity of Illness Index, Reproducibility of Results, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
