Variations in T1 and T2 relaxation times of normal appearing white matter and lesions in multiple sclerosis
Abstract
Objective To investigate the variation in T1 and T2 relaxation times of normal appearing white matter (NAWM) and lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) throughout the brain. Background The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence fast FLAIR (fluid attenuated inversion recovery) has demonstrated overall increased lesion detection when compared to conventional or fast spin echo (FSE) but fewer lesions in the posterior fossa and spinal cord. The reasons for this are unknown, but may be due to variations in the T1 and T2 relaxation times within NAWM and MS lesions. Method Ten patients and 10 controls underwent MRI of the brain which involved FSE, fast FLAIR and the measurement of T1 and T2 relaxation times. Results Of 151 lesions analysed (22 infra-tentorial, 129 supra-tentorial), eight were missed by the fast FLAIR sequence. T1 and T2 relaxation times in normal controls were longer in the infra-tentorial, than supra-tentorial, region. Patient NAWM relaxation times were prolonged compared with control values in both regions. Lesions demonstrated longer relaxation times than either control white matter or patient NAWM in both regions, however this difference was less marked infra-tentorially. The eight posterior fossa lesions not visible on the fast FLAIR sequence were characterised by short T1 and T2 relaxation times which overlapped with the patient NAWM for both T1 and T2 and with control values for T2 relaxation times. Conclusion Both lesion and NAWM relaxation time characteristi…
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When myelin is lost, the local T2 increases, effectively increasing the amount of MRI-visible water and causing NDI to decrease.
“When myelin is lost, the local T2 increases,46 effectively increasing the amount of MRI‐visible water and causing NDI to decrease.26”
From Neurite dispersion: a new marker of multiple sclerosis spinal cord pathology? (2017) · cites this paper as [46]
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References 19 · Cited by 126
- Authors
- Stevenson, V. L., Parker, G. J. M., Barker, G. J., Birnie, K., Tofts, P. S., Miller, D. H., & Thompson, A. J.
- Affiliations
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Thompson, A.J
- Venue
- Journal of the Neurological Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-09
- Volume
- 178
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 81-87
- ISSN
- 0022-510X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2005945833
- Cited by
- 126
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the Neurological Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- multiple sclerosis, normal-appearing white matter, T1 relaxation time, T2 relaxation time, lesion detection, posterior fossa lesions, white matter lesions, lesion conspicuity
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multiple Sclerosis, Reference Values, Reproducibility of Results
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