In Vivo Adaptation of Attenuated Salmonella typhimurium Results in Increased Growth Upon Exposure to Norepinephrine
Abstract
Two studies were conducted to determine whether attenuated strains of Salmonella typhimurium, currently being investigated as possible vectors for mucosal vaccines, are able to respond to norepinephrine (NE). Bacteria were tested for NE responsiveness before and for 1 week after passage through juvenile rhesus monkeys. NE significantly increased the growth of the attenuated bacteria after being shed from the animal, but not before animal infection. Follow-up in vitro tests were performed by passaging the bacteria in Lauria-Bertani (LB) broth with or without selective antibiotic for the attenuation insert and supplementing with NE. NE increased the growth of bacteria passaged in LB broth with no selective antibiotic, but not in bacteria passaged in LB broth with selective antibiotic. These results show that the attenuated bacteria assumed to be safe for use as a vaccine are able to respond to environmental stimuli, such as NE, and change their characteristics. The results suggest that there may be problems with the stability of attenuated bacteria used as vectors for mucosal vaccines.
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Stress-induced increases in norepinephrine levels in the lumen of the gut may result in increased virulence of certain pathogenic organisms, including Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella and E. coli, which result in a prolongation of the symptoms of enteritis.
“As discussed above, stress-induced increases in norepi nephrine levels in the lumen of the gut may result in increased virulence of certain pathogenic organisms, including Campylobacter jejuni,36Salmonella82 and E. coli,34 which result in a prolongation of the symptoms of enteritis.”
From Principles and clinical implications of the brain-gut-enteric microbiota axis (2009) · cites this paper as [82]
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References 29 · Cited by 31
- Authors
- Bailey, M. T., Karaszewski, J. W., Lubach, G. R., Coe, C. L., & Lyte, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Minnesota State University, Mankato (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bailey, Michael T
- Venue
- Physiology & Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1999-09
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 359-364
- ISSN
- 0031-9384 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1988421223
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 0.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physiology & Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5k02mh001371-02, 5r01mh041659-13)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH41659, MH-50431, MH01371, R01MH050431)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Keywords
- Salmonella typhimurium, attenuated bacteria, norepinephrine, bacterial growth response, rhesus monkeys, bacterial stability, vaccine safety
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Animals, Bacterial Vaccines, Digestive System, Drug Carriers, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Gastrointestinal Agents, Macaca mulatta, Norepinephrine, Salmonella Infections, Animal, Salmonella typhimurium, Stress, Physiological, Sympathomimetics, Transformation, Bacterial, Vaccines, Attenuated, Simian Immunodeficiency Virus
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