Ischemic brain edema
Abstract
Brain edema is a life-threatening complication of cerebral infarction. The molecular cascade initiated by cerebral ischemia includes the loss of membrane ionic pumps and cell swelling. Secondary formation of free radicals and proteases disrupts brain-cell membranes, causing irreversible damage. New diagnostic methods based on magnetic resonance imaging have markedly improved diagnostic accuracy. Cytotoxic and vasogenic edema is maximal by 24 to 72 hours after the ischemic event. Thrombolytics reperfuse tissue and improve outcome; when treatment is delayed, they can increase edema and blood-brain barrier opening. Although osmotherapy reduces brain water, and is used to treat ischemic edema, its efficacy remains to be proven. As the molecular events become clearer, novel treatments that block different stages of the injury cascade will be available for clinical testing.
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In ischemic stroke, water and ion homeostasis of the brain is disrupted, leading to cerebral edema.
“Water and ion homeostasis of the brain is also disrupted, leading to cerebral edema (505).”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [505]
Cites
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Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back
Sweeney, M. D., Zhao, Z., Montagne, A., Nelson, A. R., & Zlokovic, B. V. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00050.2017 · Cited by 2,294 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Rosenberg, G. A.
- Affiliations
- University of New Mexico (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rosenberg, Gary A.
- ORCID
- Rosenberg, Gary A.
- Venue
- Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1999-11
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 209-216
- ISSN
- 0033-0620 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2006004617
- Cited by
- 278
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 2.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS21169, R01NS021169)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disorders and Treatments
- Keywords
- ischemic brain edema, cerebral infarction, cerebral ischemia, cytotoxic edema, vasogenic edema, free radicals, proteolytic enzymes, blood-brain barrier, thrombolysis, osmotherapy, MRI diagnosis, cell swelling
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blood-Brain Barrier, Brain Edema, Cell Survival, Cerebral Infarction, Brain Ischemia, Humans, Water-Electrolyte Balance, Thrombolytic Therapy
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