An overview of the anatomy and physiology of slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors.
Abstract
Since the original work of by Hering and Breuer in 1868 numerous studies have demonstrated that slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors (SARs) are the lung vagal afferents responsible for eliciting the reflexes evoked by moderate lung inflation. SARs play a role in controlling breathing pattern, airway smooth muscle tone, systemic vascular resistance and heart rate. Both anatomical and physiological studies support the contention that SARs, by their close association with airway smooth muscle, continuously sense the tension within the myoelastic components of the airways caused by lung inflation, smooth muscle contraction and/or tethering of small intrapulmonary airways to the lung parenchyma. In addition, intrapulmonary SAR discharge activity is sensitive to changes in P(CO2) within the physiological range. Despite this extensive characterization of SARs, their role in determining breathing pattern and airway tone in individuals with respiratory diseases is only recently being appreciated.
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Deep breaths may preferentially engage SAR-dependent pathways by recruiting both low- and high-threshold SARs that remain active throughout the extended inspiratory phase of slow breathing.
“Therefore, deep breaths may preferentially engage SAR-dependent pathways by effectively recruiting both low- and high-threshold SARs (Schelegle and Green, 2001) that remain active throughout the extended inspiratory phase of slow breathing.”
From Hypothesis: Pulmonary Afferent Activity Patterns During Slow, Deep Breathing Contribute to the Neural Induction of Physiological Relaxation (2019) · cites this paper as Schelegle and Green, 2001
Inhibition of SARs following cessation of deep inhalation likely results in strong rebound reciprocal changes that accentuate parasympathetic effects during exhalation.
“Conversely, inhibition of SARs following cessation of deep inhalation (Matsumoto et al., 2006) likely results in strong rebound reciprocal changes that accentuate parasympathetic effects during exhalation, an effect that is consistent with SAR excitation evoking a tachycardia that is gradually masked by a reflex bradycardia (Schelegle and Green, 2001).”
From Hypothesis: Pulmonary Afferent Activity Patterns During Slow, Deep Breathing Contribute to the Neural Induction of Physiological Relaxation (2019) · cites this paper as Schelegle and Green, 2001
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References 96 · Cited by 191
- Authors
- Schelegle, E. S., & Green, J. F.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schelegle, Edward S.
- Venue
- Respiration Physiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-03
- Volume
- 125
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 17-31
- ISSN
- 0034-5687 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2093056807
- Cited by
- 191
- References
- 96
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 3.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Respiration Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Respiratory and Cough-Related Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Keywords
- airway smooth muscle tone, systemic vascular resistance, heart rate regulation, intrapulmonary airways, carbon dioxide sensitivity, respiratory diseases
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Humans, Pulmonary Stretch Receptors
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