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Malaria: even more chronic in nature than previously thought; evidence for subpatent parasitaemia detectable by the polymerase chain reaction
Abstract
In high endemicity areas, malaria is a chronic disease: examination of blood films reveals that up to half of the population, particularly children, harbour parasites at any one given time. The parasitological status of the remainder was addressed using the polymerase chain reaction, a technique 100 to 1000 times more sensitive than microscopy, on a series of samples from Dielmo, a holoendemic area of Senegal. Two-thirds of the microscopically negative individuals were found to harbour subpatent levels of Plasmodium falciparum, suggesting that more than 90% of the exposed population at any one time, i.e. in a cross-sectional survey, are chronically infected. This also means that the range of parasite loads harboured by humans with various degrees of exposure is remarkably large, probably reflecting a large range of effectiveness of the defence mechanisms against malaria parasites, none of which is fully efficient.
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“Also, DNA-based molecular assays have demonstrated a possible chronic detection in regions of the world where malaria is endemic, which may be due to very low parasitemias in immune individuals (3, 19, 34).”
From Real-Time PCR for Detection and Identification of Plasmodium spp (2005) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“However, most published PCR assays are gel based with (4, 5, 15) or without (2, 3, 9, 23, 25-27, 29, 31, 35, 36) subsequent probe hybridizations”
From Real-Time PCR for Detection and Identification of Plasmodium spp (2005) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“since subpatent P. falciparum infections are also highly prevalent in nonpregnant adults and children [33, 34].”
From Intermittent preventive treatment with Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) is associated with protection against sub-microscopic P. falciparum infection in pregnant women during the low transmission dry season in southwestern Cameroon: A Semi - longitudinal study (2022) · cites this paper as [33]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Bottius, E., Guanzirolli, A., Trape, J.-F., Rogier, C., Konate, L., & Druilhe, P.
- Affiliations
- Institut Pasteur (FR)
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar (SN)
- ORCID
- Trape, Jean-François
- Venue
- Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1996-01
- Volume
- 90
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 15-19
- ISSN
- 0035-9203 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2025758977
- Cited by
- 190
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 10.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Malaria Research and Control
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Bird parasitology and diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics (clinical) › Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
- Keywords
- malaria, chronic malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, infection intensity, holoendemic malaria, Dielmo, children, host defense
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Carrier State, Child, Child, Preschool, Chronic Disease, Humans, Infant, Middle Aged, Molecular Sequence Data, Senegal, Prevalence, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Malaria, Falciparum, Parasitemia
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