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Obesity in general elective surgery
Abstract
Background Obese patients are generally believed to be at a higher risk for surgery than those who are not obese, although convincing data are lacking.Methods We prospectively investigated a cohort of 6336 patients undergoing general elective surgery at our institution to assess whether obesity affects the outcome of surgery. Exclusion criteria were emergency, vascular, thoracic, and bariatric operations; transplantation procedures; patients under immunosuppression; and operations done under local anaesthesia. Postoperative morbidity was analysed for non-obese and obese patients (body-mass index <30 kg/m(2) vs >or=30 kg/m(2)). Obesity was further stratified into mild obesity (30.0-34.9 kg/m(2)) and severe obesity (>or=35 kg/m(2)). Risk factors were analysed with univariate and multivariate models.Findings The cohort consisted of 6336 patients, of whom 808 (13%) were obese, 569 (9%) were mildly obese, and 239 (4%) had severe obesity. The morbidity rates in patients who were obese compared with those who were not were much the same (122 [15.1%] of 808 vs 901 [16.3%] of 5528; p=0.26), with the exception of an increased incidence of wound infections after open surgery in patients who were obese (17 [4%] of 431 vs 92 [3%] of 3555, p=0.03). Incidence of complications did not differ between patients who were mildly obese (91 [16.0%] of 569), severely obese (36 [15.1%] of 239), and non-obese (901 [16.3%] of 5528; p=0.19). In multivariate regression analyses, obesity was not a risk factor for development of postoperative complications. Of note, the additional medical resource use as estimated by a new classification of complications showed no differences between patients who were and were not obese.Interpretation Obesity alone is not a risk factor for postoperative complications. The regressive attitude towards general surgery in obese patients is no longer justified.
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“This classification is a widely adopted and validated system that grades the severity of complications based on the type of therapeutic intervention required.”
From Evaluation of safety of preoperative GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients undergoing elective surgery: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression (2025) · cites this paper as [20]
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Transplantation of the Pancreas
Sollinger, H. W., & Kaufman, D. B. (2018) · doi:10.1002/9781119188421.ch148 · Cited by 3
Association Between Obesity and Outcomes Following Endovascular Aneurysm Repair
Naiem, A. A., Habib, M., Doonan, R. J., Obrand, D. I., MacKenzie, K. S., Steinmetz, O. K., Bayne, J. P., Girsowicz, E., & Gill, H. L. (2023) · Annals of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.avsg.2023.02.021 · Cited by 2
Keller, N., Guidi, M., Tobler-Ammann, B., Beckmann-Fries, V., Schrepfer, L., Kaempfen, A., Vögelin, E., & Calcagni, M. (2024) · Handchirurgie · Mikrochirurgie · Plastische Chirurgie · doi:10.1055/a-2217-7944 · Cited by 2
“Complications were defined as any deviation from the usual healing process requiring medication or surgery (Clavien-Dindo grade I-III) [19].”
Esen, E., Aytaç, E., Aydinli, H. H., Grieco, M. J., Erkan, A., Kirat, H. T., Schwartzberg, D. M., Baca, B., Karahasanoğlu, T., & Remzi, F. H. (2021) · The American Surgeon · doi:10.1177/00031348211011121 · Cited by 2
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“For instance, a study by Dindo et al. also used the Clavien-Dindo classification and found that obese patients undergoing major surgery were more likely to experience higher-grade complications [9].”
The Role of the BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 Criterium in ASA-PS Classification for Metabolic Surgery
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Preoperative Evaluation of the Obese Patient
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Tetanus in a post operative patient—A case report
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Reducing postoperative pulmonary complication in non-cardiothoracic surgery patients
Milner, A. (2011) · Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia · doi:10.1080/22201173.2011.10872724 · Cited by 2
The Effect of Body Mass Index on the Clinical Course of Appendicitis in Children
Aslan, M. K., Cesur, Ö., Soyer, T., Hançerlioğulları, K. Ö., Türkmen, F., & Çakmak, M. (2012) · Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.5336/medsci.2011-25758 · Cited by 2
Chirurgie de l’incontinence urinaire à l’effort chez la femme obèse
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Metadata
- Authors
- Dindo, D., Muller, M. K., Weber, M., & Clavien, P.-A.
- Affiliations
- University Hospital Zurich (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Clavien, Pierre-Alain
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-06
- Volume
- 361
- Issue
- 9374
- Pages
- 2032-2035
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- OpenAlex
- W2135384303
- Cited by
- 630
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 12.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Universität Zürich
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes
- Keywords
- obesity, postoperative complications, postoperative morbidity, body mass index, wound infection, surgical risk factors, medical resource use, morbid obesity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Female, Humans, Length of Stay, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Postoperative Complications, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Surgical Wound Infection, Elective Surgical Procedures
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