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Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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Murray, Christopher J L, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M, Abbasi, Mohammad, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abedi, Parisa, Abedi, Aidin, Abolhassani, Hassan, Aboyans, Victor, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abrigo, Michael R M, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Abu Haimed, Abdulaziz Khalid, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I, Acebedo, Alyssa, Ackerman, Ilana N, Adabi, Maryam, Adamu, Abdu A, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adelson, Jaimie D, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Gina, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aji, Budi, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akombi, Blessing, Alahdab, Fares, Alam, Khurshid, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M, Albertson, Samuel B, Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun, Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta, Alhabib, Khalid F, Ali, Muhammad, Ali, Saqib, Alicandro, Gianfranco, Alipour, Vahid, Alizade, Hesam, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, 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DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31404-5
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Abstract

The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a rules-based synthesis of the available evidence on levels and trends in health outcomes, a diverse set of risk factors, and health system responses. GBD 2019 covered 204 countries and territories, as well as first administrative level disaggregations for 22 countries, from 1990 to 2019. Because GBD is highly standardised and comprehensive, spanning both fatal and non-fatal outcomes, and uses a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of hierarchical disease and injury causes, the study provides a powerful basis for detailed and broad insights on global health trends and emerging challenges. GBD 2019 incorporates data from 281 586 sources and provides more than 3·5 billion estimates of health outcome and health system measures of interest for global, national, and subnational policy dialogue. All GBD estimates are publicly available and adhere to the Guidelines on Accurate and Transparent Health Estimate Reporting. From this vast amount of information, five key insights that are important for health, social, and economic development strategies have been distilled. These insights are subject to the many limitations outlined in each of the component GBD capstone papers.

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Authors
Murray, C. J. L., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K. M., Abbasi, M., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Abd-Allah, F., Abdollahi, M., Abedi, P., Abedi, A., Abolhassani, H., Aboyans, V., Abreu, L. G., Abrigo, M. R. M., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Abu Haimed, A. K., Abushouk, A. I., Acebedo, A., Ackerman, I. N., Adabi, M., Adamu, A. A., Adebayo, O. M., Adelson, J. D., Adetokunboh, O. O., Afarideh, M., Afshin, A., Agarwal, G., Agrawal, A., Ahmad, T., Ahmadi, K., Ahmadi, M., Ahmed, M. B., Aji, B., Akinyemiju, T., Akombi, B., Alahdab, F., Alam, K., Alanezi, F. M., Alanzi, T. M., Albertson, S. B., Alemu, B. W., Alemu, Y. M., Alhabib, K. F., Ali, M., Ali, S., Alicandro, G., Alipour, V., Alizade, H., Aljunid, S. M., Alla, F., Allebeck, P., Almadi, M. A. H., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Al-Mekhlafi, H. M., Almulhim, A. M., Alonso, J., Al-Raddadi, R. M., Altirkawi, K. A., Alvis-Guzman, N., Amare, B., Amare, A. T., Amini, S., Amit, A. M. L., Amugsi, D. A., Anbesu, E. W., Ancuceanu, R., Anderlini, D., Anderson, J. A., Andrei, T., Andrei, C. L., Anjomshoa, M., Ansari, F., Ansari-Moghaddam, A., Antonio, C. A. T., Antony, C. M., Anvari, D., Appiah, S. C. Y., Arabloo, J., Arab-Zozani, M., Aravkin, A. Y., Arba, A. A. K., Aripov, T., Ärnlöv, J., Arowosegbe, O. O., Asaad, M., Asadi-Aliabadi, M., Asadi-Pooya, A. A., Ashbaugh, C., Assmus, M., Atout, M. M. W., Ausloos, M., Ausloos, F., Ayala Quintanilla, B. P., Ayano, G., Ayanore, M. A., Azari, S., Azene, Z. N., B, D. B., Babaee, E., Badawi, A., Badiye, A. D., Bagherzadeh, M., Bairwa, M., Bakhtiari, A., Bakkannavar, S. M., Balachandran, A., Banach, M., Banerjee, S. K., Banik, P. C., Baraki, A. G., Barker-Collo, S. L., Basaleem, H., Basu, S., Baune, B. T., Bayati, M., Baye, B. A., Bedi, N., Beghi, E., Bell, M. L., Bensenor, I. M., Berhe, K., Berman, A. E., Bhagavathula, A. S., Bhala, N., Bhardwaj, P., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhattarai, S., Bhutta, Z. A., Bijani, A., Bikbov, B., Biondi, A., Bisignano, C., Biswas, R. K., Bjørge, T., Bohlouli, S., Bohluli, M., Bolla, S. R. R., Boloor, A., Bose, D., Boufous, S., Brady, O. J., Braithwaite, D., Brauer, M., Breitborde, N. J. K., Brenner, H., Breusov, A. V., Briant, P. S., Briggs, A. M., Britton, G. B., Brugha, T., Burugina Nagaraja, S., Busse, R., Butt, Z. A., Caetano dos Santos, F. L., Cámera, L. L. A., Campos-Nonato, I. R., Campuzano Rincon, J. C., Car, J., Cárdenas, R., Carreras, G., Carrero, J. J., Carvalho, F., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Castelpietra, G., Castro, F., Catalá-López, F., Causey, K., Cederroth, C. R., Cercy, K. M., Cerin, E., Chandan, J. S., Chang, J.-C., Charan, J., Charlson, F. J., Chattu, V. K., Chaturvedi, S., Cherbuin, N., Chin, K. L., Chirinos-Caceres, J. L., Cho, D. Y., Choi, J.-Y. J., Chu, D.-T., Chung, S.-C., Chung, M. T., Cicuttini, F. M., Cirillo, M., Cislaghi, B., Cohen, A. J., Compton, K., Corso, B., Cortesi, P. A., Costa, V. M., Cousin, E., Cowden, R. G., Cross, M., Crowe, C. S., Cummins, S., Dai, H., Dai, H., Damiani, G., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Daneshpajouhnejad, P., Darwesh, A. M., Das, J. K., Das Gupta, R., das Neves, J., Davey, G., Dávila-Cervantes, C. A., Davis, A. C., De Leo, D., Denova-Gutiérrez, E., Deribe, K., Dervenis, N., Desai, R., Deuba, K., Dhungana, G. P., Dianatinasab, M., Diaz, D., Dichgans, M., Didarloo, A., Dippenaar, I. N., Dokova, K., Dolecek, C., Dorostkar, F., Doshi, P. P., Doshi, C. P., Doshmangir, L., Doxey, M. C., Driscoll, T. R., Duncan, B. B., Eagan, A. W., Ebrahimi, H., Ebrahimi Kalan, M., Edvardsson, D., Ehrlich, J. R., Elbarazi, I., Elgendy, I. Y., El-Jaafary, S. I., El Sayed Zaki, M., Elsharkawy, A., El Tantawi, M., Elyazar, I. R., Emamian, M. H., Eshrati, B., Eskandarieh, S., Esteghamati, A., Esteghamati, S., Fanzo, J., Faro, A., Farzadfar, F., Fattahi, N., Feigin, V. L., Fereshtehnejad, S.-M., Fernandes, E., Ferrara, P., Ferrari, A. J., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Fisher, J. L., Fitzgerald, R., Foigt, N. A., Folayan, M. O., Fomenkov, A. A., Foroutan, M., Franklin, R. C., Freitas, M., Fukumoto, T., Furtado, J. M., Gad, M. M., Gaidhane, A. M., Gakidou, E., Gallus, S., Gardner, W. M., Geberemariyam, B. S., Gebremedhin, K. B., Gebremeskel, L. G., Gebresillassie, B. M., Geramo, Y. C. D., Gesesew, H. A., Gething, P. W., Gezae, K. E., Ghadiri, K., Ghaffarifar, F., Ghafourifard, M., Ghamari, F., Ghashghaee, A., Gholamian, A., Giampaoli, S., Gill, P. S., Gillum, R. F., Ginawi, I. A., Giussani, G., Gnedovskaya, E. V., Godinho, M. A., Golechha, M., Gona, P. N., Gopalani, S. V., Gorini, G., Goulart, B. N. G., Goulart, A. C., Grada, A., Greaves, F., Gudi, N., Guimarães, R. A., Guo, Y., Gupta, S. S., Gupta, R., Gupta, R., Haagsma, J. A., Hachinski, V., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Haile, L. M., Haj-Mirzaian, A., Hall, B. J., Hamadeh, R. R., Hamidi, S., Han, C., Hankey, G. J., Haro, J. M., Hasaballah, A. I., Hashi, A., Hassan, A., Hassanipour, S., Hassankhani, H., Havmoeller, R. J., Hay, S. I., Hayat, K., Henok, A., Henry, N. J., Herteliu, C., Heydarpour, F., Ho, H. C., Hole, M. K., Holla, R., Hoogar, P., Hopf, K. P., Hosgood, H. D., Hossain, N., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, M., Hostiuc, S., Househ, M., Hoy, D. G., Hu, G., Huda, T. M., Hugo, F. N., Humayun, A., Hussain, R., Hwang, B.-F., Iavicoli, I., Ibeneme, C. U., Ibitoye, S. E., Ikuta, K. S., Ilesanmi, O. S., Ilic, I. M., Ilic, M. D., Inbaraj, L. R., Iqbal, U., Irvani, S. S. N., Islam, M. M., Islam, S. M. S., Iso, H., Iwu, C. C. D., Jaafari, J., Jahagirdar, D., Jahani, M. A., Jakovljevic, M., Jalali, A., Jalilian, F., Janodia, M. D., Javaheri, T., Jenabi, E., Jha, R. P., Jha, V., Ji, J. S., Johnson, C. O., Jonas, J. B., Jürisson, M., Kabir, A., Kabir, Z., Kalani, R., Kalankesh, L. R., Kalhor, R., Kanchan, T., Kapoor, N., Karami Matin, B., Karch, A., Karim, M. A., Karimi, S. E., Kasa, A. S., Kassebaum, N. J., Kayode, G. A., Kazemi Karyani, A., Keiyoro, P., Khalid, N., Khammarnia, M., Khan, M., Khan, E. A., Khan, G., Khatab, K., Khater, M. M., Khatib, M. N., Khazaie, H., Khoja, A. T., Khubchandani, J., Kianipour, N., Kieling, C., Kim, Y.-E., Kim, Y. J., Kimokoti, R. W., Kinfu, Y., Kisa, S., Kisa, A., Kissoon, N., Kivimäki, M., Kneib, C. J., Knight, M., Koh, D. S. Q., Komaki, H., Kopec, J. A., Kosen, S., Kotlo, A., Koul, P. A., Koyanagi, A., Krishan, K., Krohn, K. J., KS, S., Kumar, G. A., Kumar, N., Kumar, M., Kurmi, O. P., Kusuma, D., Kyu, H. H., Lacey, B., Lal, D. K., Lalloo, R., Lallukka, T., Lan, Q., Landires, I., Larson, H. J., Lasrado, S., Lau, K. M.-M., Lauriola, P., La Vecchia, C., Leal, L. F., Leasher, J. L., Ledesma, J. R., Lee, P. H., Lee, S. W. H., Leonardi, M., Leung, J., Li, B., Li, S., Lim, L.-L., Lin, R.-T., Listl, S., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Logroscino, G., Lopez, J. C. F., Lorkowski, S., Lozano, R., Lu, A., Lugo, A., Lunevicius, R., Lyons, R. A., Ma, J., Machado, D. B., Maddison, E. R., Mahasha, P. W., Mahmoudi, M., Majeed, A., Maled, V., Maleki, S., Maleki, A., Malekzadeh, R., Malta, D. C., Mamun, A. A., Manguerra, H., Mansouri, B., Mansournia, M. A., Mantilla Herrera, A. M., Martini, S., Martins-Melo, F. R., Martopullo, I., Masoumi, S. Z., Massenburg, B. B., Mathur, M. R., Maulik, P. K., Mazidi, M., McAlinden, C., McGrath, J. J., McKee, M., Mehndiratta, M. M., Mehri, F., Mehta, K. M., Melese, A., Memish, Z. A., Mendoza, W., Menezes, R. G., Mengesha, E. W., Meretoja, T. J., Meretoja, A., Mestrovic, T., Miazgowski, B., Michalek, I. M., Milne, G. J., Miri, M., Mirica, A., Mirrakhimov, E. M., Mirzaei, H., Mirzaei, M., Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M., Misganaw, A. T., Moazen, B., Moghadaszadeh, M., Mohajer, B., Mohamad, O., Mohammad, Y., Mohammad, D. K., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammed, S., Mohebi, F., Mokdad, A. H., Molokhia, M., Monasta, L., Mooney, M. D., Moradi, M., Moradi, G., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Moradzadeh, R., Moraga, P., Morawska, L., Morgado-da-Costa, J., Morrison, S. D., Mosapour, A., Mosser, J. F., Mousavi, S. M., Mousavi Khaneghah, A., Mueller, U. O., Mullany, E. C., Musa, K. I., Naderi, M., Nagarajan, A. J., Naghavi, M., Naghshtabrizi, B., Naimzada, M. D., Najafi, F., Naldi, L., Nayak, V. C., Nazari, J., Ndejjo, R., Negoi, I., Negoi, R. I., Netsere, H. B. N., Nguefack-Tsague, G., Ngunjiri, J. W., Nguyen, D. N., Nguyen, H. L. T., Nichols, E., Nigatu, Y. T., Nikbakhsh, R., Nixon, M. R., Nnaji, C. A., Nomura, S., Noubiap, J. J., Nowak, C., Nsoesie, E. O., Nunez-Samudio, V., Ogbo, F. A., Oghenetega, O. B., Okunga, E. W., Oladnabi, M., Olagunju, A. T., Olusanya, J. O., Olusanya, B. O., Omar Bali, A., Omer, M. O., Ong, S., Ong, K. L., Onwujekwe, O. E., Oren, E., Ortiz, A., Ostroff, S. M., Oţoiu, A., Otstavnov, N., Otstavnov, S. S., Øverland, S., Owolabi, M. O., P A, M., Padubidri, J. R., Pakhale, S., Pakshir, K., Palladino, R., Pana, A., Panda-Jonas, S., Parmar, P. G. K., Pathak, M., Patton, G. C., Pazoki Toroudi, H., Peden, A. E., Pepito, V. C. F., Peprah, E. K., Pereira, D. M., Pereira, A., Pereira, J., Perico, N., Pescarini, J. M., Pham, H. Q., Phillips, M. R., Piccinelli, C., Pilz, T. M., Pinheiro, M., Piradov, M. A., Pirsaheb, M., Pishgar, F., Pond, C. D., Postma, M. J., Pottoo, F. H., Pourjafar, H., Pourmalek, F., Prada, S. I., Prasad, N., Pribadi, D. R. A., Pupillo, E., Quazi Syed, Z., Rabiee, N., Rabiee, M., Radfar, A., Rafiee, A., Raggi, A., Rahman, M. H. U., Rahman, M. A., Ramezanzadeh, K., Ranabhat, C. L., Ranta, A., Rao, S. J., Rao, P. C., Rasella, D., Rashedi, V., Rastogi, P., Rawaf, S., Rawaf, D. L., Rawal, L., Rawassizadeh, R., Rawat, R., Razo, C., Regassa, L. D., Reitsma, M. B., Remuzzi, G., Renjith, V., Renzaho, A. M. N., Resnikoff, S., Rezaei, N., Rezaei, N., Rezai, M. S., Rezapour, A., Rhinehart, P.-A., Riahi, S. M., Ribeiro, A. L. P., Ribeiro, D. C., Rickard, J., Roever, L., Romoli, M., Ronfani, L., Roshandel, G., Rubagotti, E., Rumisha, S. F., Rwegerera, G. M., Saadatagah, S., Sabour, S., Sachdev, P. S., Saddik, B., Sadeghi, M., Sadeghi, E., Saeedi Moghaddam, S., Sahebkar, A., Sahraian, M. A., Sajadi, S. M., Salem, M. R. R., Salem, H., Salimzadeh, H., Salomon, J. A., Salz, I., Samad, Z., Samadi Kafil, H., Samy, A. M., Sanabria, J., Santomauro, D. F., Santric-Milicevic, M. M., Saraswathy, S. Y. I., Sarrafzadegan, N., Sartorius, B., Sarveazad, A., Sathian, B., Sathish, T., Sattin, D., Schaeffer, L. E., Schiavolin, S., Schmidt, M. I., Schutte, A. E., Schwebel, D. C., Schwendicke, F., Sepanlou, S. G., Sha, F., Shafaat, O., Shahabi, S., Shaheen, A. A., Shaikh, M. A., Shams-Beyranvand, M., Shamsizadeh, M., Sharafi, K., Sharara, F., Sheikh, A., Shetty, B. S. K., Shibuya, K., Shigematsu, M., Shin, M.-J., Shin, J. I., Shiri, R., Shivakumar, K. M., Shrime, M. G., Shuval, K., Sigfusdottir, I. D., Sigurvinsdottir, R., Silva, D. A. S., Silva, J. P., Simonetti, B., Singh, J. A., Singh, P., Singh, A., Sinha, D. N., Skryabin, V. Y., Sliwa, K., Smith, E. U. R., Soheili, A., Soltani, S., Somefun, O. D., Sorensen, R. J. D., Soriano, J. B., Sorrie, M. B., Soyiri, I. N., Sreeramareddy, C. T., Sripada, K., Stanaway, J. D., Ştefan, S. C., Stein, D. J., Steiner, C., Stokes, M. A., Stranges, S., Suchdev, P. S., Sudaryanto, A., Sufiyan, M. B., Suliankatchi Abdulkader, R., Sulo, G., Swope, C. B., Sylte, D. O., Tabarés-Seisdedos, R., Tabuchi, T., Tadakamadla, S. K., Taddele, B. W., Taherkhani, A., Tahir, Z., Tamiru, A. T., Tang, M., Tareque, M. I., Tefera, Y. G. G., Tela, F. G. G., Temsah, M.-H., Terrason, S., Thakur, B., Thankappan, K. R., Thapar, R., Thomas, N., Titova, M. V., Tlou, B., Tonelli, M., Topor-Madry, R., Torre, A. E., Touvier, M., Tovani-Palone, M. R. R., Tran, B. X., Travillian, R., Uddin, R., Ullah, I., Unnikrishnan, B., Upadhyay, E., Vacante, M., Vaicekonyte, R., Valdez, P. R., Valli, A., Vasankari, T. J., Vasseghian, Y., Venketasubramanian, N., Vidale, S., Violante, F. S., Vlassov, V., Vollset, S. E., Vongpradith, A., Vu, G. T., W/hawariat, F. G., Waheed, Y., Wamai, R. G., Wang, F., Wang, H., Wang, J., Wang, Y., Wang, Y.-P., Watson, A., Wei, J., Weintraub, R. G., Weiss, J., Welay, F. T., Werdecker, A., Westerman, R., Whiteford, H. A., Wiangkham, T., Wickramasinghe, N. D., Wilner, L. B., Wojtyniak, B., Wolfe, C. D. A., Wondmeneh, T. G., Wu, A.-M., Wu, C., Wulf Hanson, S., Wunrow, H. Y., Xie, Y., Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S. H., Yamagishi, K., Yaya, S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V., Yearwood, J. A., Yeheyis, T. Y., Yeshitila, Y. G., Yip, P., Yonemoto, N., Yoon, S.-J., Younis, M. Z., Younker, T. P., Yousefinezhadi, T., Yu, C., Yu, Y., Yuce, D., Yusefzadeh, H., Zaidi, S. S., Zaman, S. B., Zamanian, M., Zangeneh, A., Zarafshan, H., Zastrozhin, M. S., Zewdie, K. A., Zhang, Z.-J., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Zhao, X.-J. G., Zhao, Y., Zheleva, B., Zheng, P., Zhu, C., Ziapour, A., Zimsen, S. R. M., Lopez, A. D., Vos, T., & Lim, S. S.
Venue
The Lancet
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2020-10
Volume
396
Issue
10258
Pages
1135-1159
ISSN
  • 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
  • 0140-6736
DOI
10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31404-5
OpenAlex
W3093350281
Cited by
675
References
22
FWCI
77.89
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

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This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31404-5
The paper
Murray, C. J. L., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K. M., Abbasi, M., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Abd-Allah, F., Abdollahi, M., Abedi, P., Abedi, A., Abolhassani, H., Aboyans, V., Abreu, L. G., Abrigo, M. R. M., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Abu Haimed, A. K., Abushouk, A. I., Acebedo, A., Ackerman, I. N., Adabi, M., . . . Lim, S. S. (2020). Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31404-5

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.