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Increased plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may play a role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). MMP-9 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are elevated in postmortem brain tissue of AD patients. MMPs and TIMPs are found in neurons, microglia, vascular endothelial cells and leukocytes. The aim of this study was to determine whether circulating levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 are elevated in the plasma of AD patients. We compared AD patients to age- and gender-matched controls as well as to Parkinson's disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. There was constitutive expression of gelatinase A (MMP-2), and gelatinase B (MMP-9), in all the samples as shown by zymographic analysis. Levels of MMP-9 were significantly (P=0.003) elevated in the plasma of AD patients as compared to controls. Plasma levels of MMP-2, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were unchanged. There were no significant changes of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 levels in PD and ALS samples. TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were significantly correlated with MMP-9 in the AD patients. ApoE genotyping of plasma samples showed that levels of MMP-2, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 and MMP-9 were not significantly different between the ApoE subgroups. These findings indicate that circulating levels of MMP-9 are increased in AD and may contribute to disease pathology.
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A number of CNS diseases exhibit dysregulated expression of enzymes necessary for PNN cleavage and reorganization.
“In parallel, a number of these CNS diseases exhibit dysregulated expression of enzymes necessary for PNN cleavage and reorganization (Backstrom et al., 1996; Lorenzl et al., 2003; Rybakowski et al., 2009; Kim et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2011; Yamamori et al., 2013; Liu et al., 2014; Rankin-Gee et al., 2015; Lepeta et al., 2017).”
From The Perineuronal ‘Safety’ Net? Perineuronal Net Abnormalities in Neurological Disorders (2018) · cites this paper as Lorenzl et al., 2003
Plasma levels of MMP-9 are elevated in AD patients.
“plasma levels of MMP-9 are elevated in AD patients (Backstrom et al., 1996; Lorenzl et al., 2003).”
From The Perineuronal ‘Safety’ Net? Perineuronal Net Abnormalities in Neurological Disorders (2018) · cites this paper as Lorenzl et al., 2003
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References 34 · Cited by 243
Metadata
- Authors
- Lorenzl, S.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lorenzl, S
- ORCID
- Lorenzl, S
- Venue
- Neurochemistry International
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-08
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 191-196
- ISSN
- 0197-0186 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2072840073
- Cited by
- 243
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 3.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neurochemistry International (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Protease and Inhibitor Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, MMP-9, MMP-2, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, plasma biomarkers, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, APOE genotype
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Apolipoproteins E, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Genotype, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Blotting, Western, Case-Control Studies, Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
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