The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Chronic pain, work performance and litigation
Abstract
The overall population impact of chronic pain on work performance has been underestimated as it has often been described in terms of work-related absence, excluding more subtle effects that chronic pain may have on the ability to work effectively. Additionally, most studies have focussed on occupational and/or patient cohorts and treatment seeking, rather than sampling from the general population. We undertook a population-based random digit dialling computer-assisted telephone survey with participants randomly selected within households in order to measure the impact of chronic pain on work performance. In addition, we measured the association between pain-related disability and litigation. The study took place in Northern Sydney Health Area, a geographically defined urban area of New South Wales, Australia, and included 484 adults aged 18 or over with chronic pain. The response rate was 73.4%. Working with pain was more common (on an average 83.8 days in 6 months) than lost work days due to pain (4.5 days) among chronic pain participants in full-time or part-time employment. When both lost work days and reduced-effectiveness work days were summed, an average of 16.4 lost work day equivalents occurred in a 6-month period, approximately three times the average number of lost work days. In multiple logistic regression modelling with pain-related disability as the dependent variable, past or present pain-related litigation had the strongest association (odds ratio (OR)=3.59, P=0.001). In conclusion, chronic pain had a larger impact on work performance than has previously been recognised, related to reduced performance while working with pain. A significant proportion were able to work effectively with pain, suggesting that complete relief of pain may not be an essential therapeutic target. Litigation (principally work-related) for chronic pain was strongly associated with higher levels of pain-related disability, even after taking into account other factors associated with poor functional outcomes.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“However, the majority (60-70%) of workers with CMP stays at work despite pain and without sick leave [3-6].”
From Staying at work with chronic nonspecific musculoskeletal pain: a qualitative study of workers' experiences (2011) · cites this paper as [4]
Citations
Cites
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.27-3338 · Cited by 35,305
Classification of Chronic Pain: Descriptions of Chronic Pain Syndromes and Definitions of Pain Terms
Merskey, H. (1994) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,362
Grading the severity of chronic pain
Von Korff, M., Ormel, J., Keefe, F. J., & Dworkin, S. F. (1992) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(92)90154-4 · Cited by 3,022
Persistent Pain and Well-being: A World Health Organization Study in Primary Care
Gureje, O., Von Korff, M., Simon, G. E., & Gater, R. (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.280.2.147 · Cited by 1,496
The epidemiology of chronic pain in the community
Elliott, A. M., Smith, B. H., Penny, K. I., Smith, W. C., & Chambers, W. A. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)03057-3 · Cited by 1,191
Chronic pain in Australia: a prevalence study.
Blyth, F. M., March, L. M., Brnabic, A. J. M., Jorm, L. R., Williamson, M., & Cousins, M. J. (2001) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(00)00355-9 · Cited by 1,096
Self-citationAn Overview of the Incidences and Costs of Low Back Pain
Frymoyer, J. W., & Cats‐Baril, W. L. (1991) · Orthopedic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0030-5898(20)31652-7 · Cited by 923
The prevalence of pain complaints in a general population
Crook, J., Rideout, E. M., & Browne, G. B. (1984) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(84)90824-8 · Cited by 590
Coste, J., Delecoeuillerie, G., Lara, A. C. D., Parc, J. M. L., & Paolaggi, J. B. (1994) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.308.6928.577 · Cited by 416
(1994) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 393
Migraine and reduced work performance
Korff, M. V., Stewart, W. F., Simon, D. J., & Lipton, R. B. (1998) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.50.6.1741 · Cited by 220
Rohling, M. L., Binder, L. M., & Langhinrichsen‐Rohling, J. (1995) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.14.6.537 · Cited by 205
The secondary prevention of low back pain: a controlled study with follow-up
Linton, S. J., Bradley, L. A., Jensen, I. B., Spangfort, E., & Sundell, L. (1989) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(89)90024-9 · Cited by 198
Recurrence and Care Seeking After Acute Back Pain
Carey, T. S., Garrett, J. M., Jackman, A., & Hadler, N. M. (1999) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-199902000-00006 · Cited by 192
If You Have to Prove You Are Ill, You Canʼt Get Well
Hadler, N. M. (1996) · Spine · doi:10.1097/00007632-199610150-00021 · Cited by 189
Linton, S. J., & Ryberg, M. (2001) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(00)00390-0 · Cited by 164
Rohling, M. L., Binder, L. M., & Langhinrichsen‐Rohling, J. (1995) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.14.6.537 · Cited by 155
Validity of an illness severity measure for headache in a population sample of migraine sufferers
Stewart, W. F., Lipton, R. B., Simon, D., Liberman, J. N., & Korff, M. V. (1999) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(98)00181-x · Cited by 117
Back Pain in the Workplace: Management of Disability in Nonspecific Conditions
Sullivan, J. D. (1996) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 104
Reliability of an Illness Severity Measure for Headache in A Population Sample of Migraine Sufferers
Stewart, W., Lipton, R. B., Simon, D., Korff, M. V., & Liberman, J. N. (1998) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1046/j.1468-2982.1998.1801044.x · Cited by 99
Dionne, C. E., Korff, M. V., Koepsell, T. D., Deyo, R. A., Barlow, W. E., & Checkoway, H. (1999) · Spine · doi:10.1097/00007632-199911150-00009 · Cited by 82
Birse, T., & Lander, J. (1998) · Canadian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/bf03404405 · Cited by 74
Compensation, Work Status, and Disability in Low Back Pain Patients
Sanderson, P. L., Todd, B. D., Holt, G. R., & Getty, C. J. M. (1995) · Spine · doi:10.1097/00007632-199503010-00009 · Cited by 68
Litigation and employment status: effects on patients with chronic pain
Tait, R. C., Chibnall, J. T., & Richardson, W. D. (1990) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(90)90048-i · Cited by 62
Defining chronic pain for epidemiological research: assessing a subjective definition
Purves, A. M., Penny, K. I., Munro, C., Smith, B. H., Grimshaw, J., Wilson, B. J., Smith, W. C. S., & Chambers, W. A. (1998) · Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee) · Cited by 58
Assessing headache severity. New directions.
Korff, M. V., Stewart, W. F., & Lipton, R. B. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 57
The effect of workers' or third‐party compensation on return to work after hand surgery
Filan, S. L. (1996) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb124853.x · Cited by 20
Psychology, Psychiatry and Chronic Pain
P.Tyrer, E. B. S. (1992) · Cited by 19
Mendelson, G. (1992) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7506-0573-1.50011-1 · Cited by 8
Compensation and recovery from injury
Fraser, R. D. (1996) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb124849.x · Cited by 6
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Cohen, 2000, Medical assessment and management of work-related low back and neckarm pain., Occup Health Saf Aust NZ, 16, 307
- Spitzer, 1987, Scientific approach to the assessment and management of activity-related spinal disorders: a monograph for clinicians. Report of the Task Force on Spinal Disorders., Spine, 12, S9
- Stewart, 1998, Reliability of an illness severity measure for headache in a population sample of migraine sufferers., Cephalalgia, 18, 44, 10.1046/j.1468-2982.1998.1801044.x · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Survey of chronic pain in Europe: Prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment
Breivik, H., Collett, B., Ventafridda, V., Cohen, R., & Gallacher, D. (2006) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2005.06.009 · Cited by 5,486
“As well as the cost related to the loss of productivity due to time off work and reduced work effectiveness, there is also the cost in loss of skills if people are forced to reduce their hours or stop working altogether (Blyth et al., 2003).”
BackgroundPain Management: A Fundamental Human Right
Brennan, F. P., Carr, D. B., & Cousins, M. J. (2007) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/01.ane.0000268145.52345.55 · Cited by 1,008
“These costs are compounded by expenses related to litigation (20).”
BackgroundSelf-citationA review of chronic pain impact on patients, their social environment and the health care system
Duenas, M., Ojeda, B., Salazar, A., Mico, J. A., & Failde, I. (2016) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s105892 · Cited by 985
Richebé, P., Capdevila, X., & Rivat, C. (2018) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aln.0000000000002238 · Cited by 448
Sullivan, M. J. L., Adams, H., Horan, S., Maher, D., Boland, D., & Gross, R. (2008) · Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation · doi:10.1007/s10926-008-9140-5 · Cited by 389
“It is interesting to note that the literature has been consistent in showing that compensation and litigation are associated with more intense pain experience and more prolonged disability [18, 21].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Blyth, F. M., March, L. M., Nicholas, M. K., & Cousins, M. J.
- Affiliations
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Blyth, Fiona M
- Venue
- Pain
- Published
- 2003-05
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 41-47
- ISSN
- 0304-3959 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2017538611
- Cited by
- 191
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 5.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Pain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Workplace Health and Well-being
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Medical Practices and Rehabilitation
- Keywords
- chronic pain, employee performance, pain-related disability, litigation, absenteeism, population survey, employment, functional outcome
- MeSH terms
- Australia, Chronic Disease, Disability Evaluation, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Jurisprudence, Male, Middle Aged, Pain, Pain Measurement, Sex Factors, Work, Work Capacity Evaluation, Workers' Compensation, Prevalence, Age Distribution
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review