Verbal and spatial functions across the menstrual cycle in healthy young women
Abstract
The effects of the menstrual cycle on cognitive functions were investigated using simple verbal and spatial tasks. Eight healthy young women with a regular, established 28-day menstrual cycle and the occurrence of ovulation on day 14 were tested four times during one cycle. Ten women on non-tricyclic birth control pills were also tested weekly during one cycle. Both groups were matched in age, handedness and education. No significant difference in spatial ability was found but improved verbal working memory, as measured by the verbal span score, was associated with periods of high estrogen levels.
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Oestrogen has been linked to verbal performance.
“Oestrogen has been linked to verbal performance (Rosenberg & Park, 2002)”
From Factors Related to Mean Score Group Differences on Cognitive Ability Tests: A Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as Rosenberg & Park, 2002
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References 18 · Cited by 226
- Authors
- Rosenberg, L., & Park, S.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Park, Sohee
- Venue
- Psychoneuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-10
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 835-841
- ISSN
- 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2038741223
- Cited by
- 226
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 1.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Keywords
- menstrual cycle, cognitive function, verbal working memory, verbal span, spatial ability, estrogen, ovulation, oral contraceptives, young women
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Body Temperature, Female, Hormones, Humans, Memory, Menstrual Cycle, Space Perception, Verbal Behavior, Vision, Ocular
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