Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 339

The DOI matches its OpenAlex record; 68 of the 68 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Connectionist Models of Language Production: Lexical Access and Grammatical Encoding

Open access
Gary S. Dell, Franklin Chang, Zenzi M. Griffin·1999·Cognitive Science

Abstract

Theories of language production have long been expressed as connectionist models. We outline the issues and challenges that must be addressed by connectionist models of lexical access and grammatical encoding, and review three recent models. The models illustrate the value of an interactive activation approach to lexical access in production, the need for sequential output in both phonological and grammatical encoding, and the potential for accounting for structural effects on errors and structural priming from learning.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

OpenAlex · 10.1016/s0364-0213(99)00014-2

Cites

68 of 68 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 68 references

Cited by

See all 339

Metadata

Authors
Dell, G. S., Chang, F., & Griffin, Z. M.
Venue
Cognitive Science
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1999-10-01
Volume
23
Issue
4
Pages
517-542
ISSN
0364-0213 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2097188373
Cited by
339
References
68
FWCI
5.70
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Connectionist Models of Language Production: Lexical Access and Grammatical Encoding. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/s0364-0213(99)00014-2
The paper
Dell, G. S., Chang, F., & Griffin, Z. M. (1999). Connectionist Models of Language Production: Lexical Access and Grammatical Encoding. Cognitive Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0364-0213(99)00014-2

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.