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Negative specific heat in astronomy, physics and chemistry
Open accessAbstract
Abstract Starting from Antonov's discovery that there is no maximum to the entropy of a gravitating system of point particles at fixed energy in a spherical box if the density contrast between centre and edge exceeds 709, we review progress in the understanding of gravitational thermodynamics. We pinpoint the error in the proof that all systems have positive specific heat and say when it can occur. We discuss the development of the thermal runaway in both the gravothermal catastrophe and its inverse. The energy range over which microcanonical ensembles have negative heat capacity is replaced by a first order phase transition in the corresponding canonical ensembles. We conjecture that all first order phase transitions may be viewed as caused by negative heat capacities of units within them. We find such units in the theory of ionization, chemical dissociation and in the Van der Waals gas so these concepts are applicable outside the realm of stars, star clusters and black holes.
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Cites
HAWKING, S. W. (1974) · Nature · doi:10.1038/248030a0 · Cited by 5,669
Cited by
Negative-Poisson's-Ratio Materials: Auxetic Solids
Lakes, R. S. (2017) · Annual Review of Materials Research · doi:10.1146/annurev-matsci-070616-124118 · Cited by 455
Negative Heat Capacity for a Cluster of 147 Sodium Atoms
Schmidt, M., Kusche, R., Hippler, T., Donges, J., Kronmüller, W., von Issendorff, B., & Haberland, H. (2001) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.86.1191 · Cited by 332
Metadata
- Authors
- Lynden-Bell, D.
- Venue
- Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1999-02
- Volume
- 263
- Issue
- 1-4
- Pages
- 293-304
- ISSN
- 0378-4371 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2041835287
- Cited by
- 313
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 6.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Lynden-Bell, D. (1999). Negative specific heat in astronomy, physics and chemistry. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4371(98)00518-4
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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