The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Long-term survival in patients with repair of tetralogy of Fallot: 36-year follow-up of 490 survivors of the first year after surgical repair.
Open accessAbstract
Objectives We sought to analyze risk factors for long-term survival (up to 36 years) after surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF).Background Survival after repair is excellent, but data >20 years are rare.Methods From 1958 to 1977, 658 patients underwent correction of TOF at our institution and were analyzed for survival. Of this patient group (age 12.2 +/- 8.6 years [mean +/- SD], range 2 to 67), 39.7% had a previous palliation. Operative (n = 139) and 1-year (n = 29) deaths were excluded for long-term calculations, resulting in a study group of 490 patients.Results Actuarial 10-, 20-, 30- and 36-year survival rates were 97%, 94%, 89% and 85%, respectively. Mortality increased 25 years postoperatively from 0.24%/year to 0.94%/year (p = 0.003). The most common cause of death was sudden death (n = 13), followed by congestive heart failure (n = 6). Multivariate correlates of impaired long-term survival were date of operation (before 1970, p = 0.0104), preoperative polycythemia (p = 0.0487) and use of a right ventricular (RV) outflow patch (p = 0.0079). Postoperative systolic RV/left ventricular pressure ratio and age showed no influence. Patients without preoperative polycythemia and an RV outflow patch (n = 164) had a 36-year actuarial survival rate of 96% and normal life expectancy.Conclusions Cyanosis, operative experience of the surgeon and an RV outflow tract patch influence long-term outcome after repair of TOF in older children. Early repair by experienced surgeons to avoid polycythemia and excessive RV hypertrophy is supported by this study. However, mortality risk increases 25 years postoperatively, and thus heart monitoring should be intensified.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“Earlier surgical eras had an inverse association with the chances of survival in the early postoperative phase, indicating higher residual postoperative morbidity, which is consistent with previous reports.8,9,17,19”
From Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot: A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium (2019) · cites this paper as [9]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The rates of sudden death and heart failure in our cohort are similar to those reported in other studies.9,18”
From Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot: A Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium (2019) · cites this paper as [9]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Long-term outcome in patients undergoing surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot
Murphy, J. G., Gersh, B. J., Mair, D. D., Fuster, V., McGoon, M. D., Ilstrup, D. M., McGoon, D. C., Kirklin, J. W., & Danielson, G. K. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199308263290901 · Cited by 998
Mechanoelectrical Interaction in Tetralogy of Fallot
Gatzoulis, M. Α., Till, J. A., Somerville, J., & Redington, A. N. (1995) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.92.2.231 · Cited by 781
Cardiac Surgery of the Neonate and Infant
Castañeda, A. R. (1994) · Cited by 405
Long-term evaluation (12 to 22 years) of open heart surgery for tetralogy of fallot
Fuster, V., McGoon, D. C., Kennedy, M. A., Ritter, D. G., & Kirklin, J. W. (1980) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(80)90514-7 · Cited by 212
Prevention of sudden death after repair of tetralogy of fallot: Treatment of ventricular arrhythmias
Garson, A., Randall, D. C., GilletteD, P. C., Smith, R. T., Moak, J. P., McVey, P., & McNamara, D. G. (1985) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(85)80279-5 · Cited by 192
Gillette, P. C., Yeoman, M. A., Mullins, C. E., & McNamara, D. G. (1977) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.56.4.566 · Cited by 191
Late results in patients with tetralogy of Fallot repaired during infancy.
Walsh, E. P., Rockenmacher, S., Keane, J. F., Hougen, T. J., Lock, J. E., & Castañeda, A. R. (1988) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.77.5.1062 · Cited by 189
Quattlebaum, T. G., Varghese, J., Neill, C. A., & Donahoo, J. S. (1976) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.54.2.289 · Cited by 177
Effect of transannular patching on outcome after repair of tetralogy of Fallot
Kirklin, J. K., Kirklin, J. W., Blackstone, E. H., Milano, A., & Pacifico, A. D. (1989) · The Annals of Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1016/0003-4975(89)90671-1 · Cited by 175
The First Open Heart Corrections of Tetralogy of Fallot: A 26–31 Year Follow-up of 106 Patients
LILLEHEI, C. W., VARCO, R. L., COHEN, M., WARDEN, H. E., GOTT, V. L., DEWALL, R. A., PATTON, C., & MOLLER, J. H. (1986) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-198610000-00017 · Cited by 168
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–755 of 755
Mapping and Ablation of Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease
DeWitt, E. S., & Walsh, E. P. (2019) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119152637.ch68
Breuer, J., & Lang, D. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-54671-6_204-1
Breuer, J. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-54671-6_203-1
Angeborene Herz- und Gefäßanomalien: Epidemiologie und Ätiologie
Breuer, J. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-54671-6_201-1
Primär nichtzyanotische Vitien
Breuer, J., Apitz, J., & SCHMALTZ, A. A. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-54671-6_202-1
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of Complex Congenital Heart Disease
Prakash, A., & Geva, T. (2019) · Contemporary cardiology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-8841-9_19
Clark, J. B. (2022) · JTCVS Open · doi:10.1016/j.xjon.2021.10.062
Clinical presentation of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot
Mariucci, E. M., Capicchioni, E., Bronzetti, G., Careddu, L., Gargiulo, G., & Donti, A. (2022) · Progress in Pediatric Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ppedcard.2022.101556
URGENT PROBLEMS OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASES IN ADULTS. LITERATURE REVIEW
Maltseva, E. V., & Martyushov, S. I. (2012) · Экология человека · doi:10.17816/humeco17496
Long-term Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot in the Kingdom of Bahrain
Agarwal, A., Amer, S. R. A., Tarif, H. A., Ismael, A. A., Alshaiji, A. F., Arulselvam, V., & Kalis, N. N. (2022) · Heart Views · doi:10.4103/heartviews.heartviews_77_21
III Congresso Baiano de Cardiologia do Exercício
Petto, J., de Oliveira, A. M., Souza, P. E. S., & do Sacramento, M. D. S. (2022) · Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia do Exercício · doi:10.33233/rbfex.v21i4.5322
Surgical Treatment of Tetralogy of Fallot
寇, 龙. (2023) · Advances in Clinical Medicine · doi:10.12677/acm.2023.133426
Moslem, L. C. M. H. M., Begum, B. G. N. F., Sarker, D. C. F. R., Bhuiya, D. L. C. N. I., Khan, D. L. C. A. A., Raha, D. L. C. B. K., Akter, M. M., & Mariam, M. R. (2023) · Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences · doi:10.36347/sjams.2023.v11i04.007
The Adult with Tetralogy of Fallot
Isgrò, G., Giamberti, A., Ranucci, M., Foresti, S., & Chessa, M. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-4999-6_185-2
Moderate and Complex Congenital Heart Disease in Pregnancy
Duarte, V. E., O’Kelly, A. C., & Yeh, D. D. (2023) · Contemporary cardiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-34103-8_20
Long Term Follow Up of Adults with Congenital Heart Disease
Haeffele, C. L., Bykhovsky, M. R., Vaikunth, S. S., & Lui, G. K. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-42937-9_97-1
Jenkins, S., Keegan, J., Ernst, S., & Babu‐Narayan, S. V. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-29235-4_23
Pulmonary and tricuspid regurgitation after Tetralogy of Fallot repair: A case report
Cao, J., Ning, X., Zhou, G., Li, B., Qiao, F., Han, L., Xu, Z., & Lu, F. (2023) · World Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.4330/wjc.v15.i12.642
Arrhythmia and Pacemaker Surgery in Congenital Heart Disease
Fynn‐Thompson, F., & Cecchin, F. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-24126-7.00132-0
Do we always need a pulmonary valve?
Shukla, M., & Mohan, J. C. (2024) · Journal of current cardiology. · doi:10.4103/jcc.jcc_1_24
Spates, T. N., & Krasuski, R. A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-50740-3_4
Joosen, R. S., Voskuil, M., Krasemann, T., Blom, N. A., Krings, G. J., & Breur, J. M. P. J. (2024) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-024-08436-8
A Comprehensive Review on Sudden Cardiac Death in Young
(2023) · International Journal of Integrative Cardiology · doi:10.47275/2690-862x-136
Erdil, T., Steigmiller, K., Rampa, J. E., Christmann, M., Held, U., & Dave, H. H. (2024) · Swiss Medical Weekly · doi:10.57187/s.3689
Sturla, F., Caimi, A., Giugno, L., Pasqualin, G., Tissir, K., Secchi, F., Redaelli, A. C. L., Carminati, M., & Votta, E. (2024) · Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2024.108569
Anaesthetic management of a child with Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome
Das, P., & Subramanian, S. (2024) · The Journal of Clinical and Scientific Research · doi:10.4103/jcsr.jcsr_155_23
Exploring three-dimensional right ventricular shape and function in Tetralogy of Fallot patients
Zwaan, R. R., Chen, Y., Schneijdenberg, J. W., Bowen, D. J., Kauling, R. M., van Burken, G., van den Bosch, A. E., & van den Bosch, A. E. (2025) · The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s10554-026-03781-y
Do, A. T., & Nguyen, T. T. (2025) · Tạp chí Phẫu thuật và Tim mạch và Lồng ngực Việt Nam · doi:10.47972/vjcts.v50i.1301
Wiegand, J. L., Ezzi, Z. B., Abadeer, M. N., Quintessenza, J. A., & Scully, B. B. (2025) · Annals of Thoracic Surgery Short Reports · doi:10.1016/j.atssr.2025.04.023
Marcilhacy, G., Craiem, D. O., Casciaro, M. E., Gencer, U., Malekzadeh-Milani, S. G., Legendre, A., Iserin, L., Mousseaux, É., & Soulat, G. (2025) · The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s10554-025-03422-w
Uncorrected Tetralogy of Fallot with severe pulmonary stenosis in an adult: a case report
Sharma, S., Shetty, S., Baskar, A., & Priyadarshee, P. (2025) · International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences · doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20252806
Timing and Mode of Death Following Treatment of Neonatal Symptomatic Tetralogy of Fallot
Trucco, S. M., Zhang, Y., Glatz, A. C., O'Byrne, M. L., Petit, C. J., Qureshi, A. M., Zampi, J. D., Shahanavaz, S., Nicholson, G. T., Ligon, A., et al. (2025) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.125.045519
Brancaccio, G., Letizia, A., Verrengia, M., Bordonaro, V., Cafiero, G., Trezzi, M., Secinaro, A., Marcello, C., Claudia, E., Giordano, U., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1093/ejcts/ezaf432
Arrhythmias in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
Triedman, J. K., & Walsh, E. P. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-702-08231-3.00018-1
Ghonim, S., Gatzoulis, M. Α., & Babu‐Narayan, S. V. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-702-08231-3.00046-6
Buheitel, G., Singer, H., von Bernuth, G., Kramer, H.-H., Apitz, J., SCHMALTZ, A. A., Lang, D., Bürsch, J. H., Kienast, W., Schille, R., et al. (2001) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-12660-8_18
Arrhythmias in Pediatric Patients
Triedman, J. K. (2002) · Contemporary cardiology · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-090-2_20
Harrington, J. K., Ghelani, S. J., Thatte, N. M., Valente, A. M., Geva, T., Graf, J. A., Lu, M., Sleeper, L. A., & Powell, A. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14658918
Transannular patch repair of tetralogy of Fallot
Nakano, T. (2026) · Asian Cardiovascular and Thoracic Annals · doi:10.1177/02184923261428822
Chik, B. W. K., Chan, K.-L., Chow, P., Yu, C. K., Chan, Y. Y.-T., & Cheung, Y. (2026) · Echocardiography · doi:10.1111/echo.70426
Yousefli, Z., Chrispin, J., Cedars, A. M., Fisher, S. D., Wetzel, G. T., & Aronis, K. N. (2026) · Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease · doi:10.3390/jcdd13070299
Aldweib, N., McGrath, L. B., Khan, A., Kajimoto, H., Williams, B. A., Li, J., & Broberg, C. S. (2026) · International Journal of Cardiology Congenital Heart Disease · doi:10.1016/j.ijcchd.2026.100695
Biventricular Simulation Pipeline for Risk Stratification in Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot
Rashid, A.-R., Nazarov, I., Kröner, J., Tanger, N., Gatti, A., & Arevalo, H. (2026) · Simula SpringerBriefs on computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-28826-4_2
Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease
Campbell, M. J., Powell, A. J., & Valente, A. M. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-12497-6.00042-7
Jones, A. L., Edwards, J. J., Fazelinia, H., Frank, D. B., Clouthier, K., Patel, C., Spruce, L. A., Ding, H., Sabella, J., Avitabile, C. M., et al. (2026) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/s41390-026-05555-7
Functional cardiovascular assessment in congenital heart disease
van den Berg, J. (2007)
Arrhythmias Following Repair of Congenital Heart Disease
Hare, G. F. V. (2001) · Developments in cardiovascular medicine · doi:10.1007/978-94-015-9791-3_4
Beroukhim, R. S., & Powell, A. J. (2015) · Current Pediatrics Reports · doi:10.1007/s40124-015-0084-x
Prävention und Behandlung von Herzrhythmusstörungen bei Patienten mit angeborenen Herzfehlern
Horke, A., & Tzanavaros, I. (2014) · Herzschrittmachertherapie + Elektrophysiologie · doi:10.1007/s00399-014-0334-6
Electrocardiography in Adult Congenital Heart Disease
Khairy, P., & Marelli, A. J. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-85729-874-4_10
Metadata
- Authors
- Nollert, G., Fischlein, T., Bouterwek, S., Böhmer, C., Klinner, W., & Reichart, B.
- Affiliations
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Nollert, Georg
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-11
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1374-1383
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2022043412
- Cited by
- 761
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 49
- FWCI
- 6.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Congenital Heart Disease Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Cardiovascular Conditions and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Congenital heart defects research
- Keywords
- tetralogy of Fallot, surgical repair, long-term survival, mortality risk factors, sudden death, congestive heart failure, cyanosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, timing of repair, congenital heart disease
- MeSH terms
- Actuarial Analysis, Cause of Death, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Pulmonary Valve Stenosis, Reoperation, Risk Factors, Tetralogy of Fallot, Time Factors, Multivariate Analysis, Survival Analysis, Ventricular Function, Left, Ventricular Function, Right
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
