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A population-based prospective evaluation of risk of sudden cardiac death after operation for common congenital heart defects
Open accessAbstract
Objectives This study sought to define 1) the risk of sudden death after operation for common congenital heart defects; and 2) factors associated with an increased risk of sudden death.Background Although the prognosis for patients with congenital heart defects is improved by surgical treatment, they remain at a well recognized but poorly defined risk of late sudden death.Methods This population-based study evaluated all patients < 19 years old undergoing surgical treatment of common forms of congenital heart disease in the state of Oregon between 1958 and 1996. Patients were identified retrospectively through 1958, with prospective biannual follow-up beginning in 1982. The incidence and cause of late sudden death were evaluated for 3,589 patients surviving operation for the following defects: atrial, ventricular and atrioventricular septal defects; patent ductus arteriosus; pulmonary stenosis; aortic stenosis; coarctation of the aorta; tetralogy of Fallot; and D-transposition of the great arteries.Results There were 41 unexpected late sudden deaths during 45,857 patient-years of follow-up, an overall event rate of 1/1,118 patient-years. Thirty-seven of the 41 late sudden deaths occurred in patients with aortic stenosis, coarctation, transposition of the great arteries or tetralogy of Fallot, an event rate of 1/454 patients-years. In contrast, only four sudden deaths occurred among the other defects, an event rate of 1/7,154 patient-years (p < 0.01). The risk of late sudden death increased incrementally 20 years after operation for tetralogy of Fallot, aortic stenosis and coarctation. However, risk was not dependent on patient age at operation or surgical era. The causes of sudden death were arrhythmia in 30 patients, circulatory (embolic or aneurysm rupture) in 7 and acute heart failure in 4.Conclusions The risk of late sudden death for patients surviving operation for common congenital heart defects is 25 to 100 times greater than an age-matched control population. This increased risk is primarily represented by patients with cyanotic or left heart obstructive lesions. The risk of sudden death appears to be time dependent, increasing primarily after the second postoperative decade.
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“Even though the incidence of SCD is low (0.09% per year) in the CHD population, it is higher than in age-matched controls, 351 and related to arrhythmias in 14% of all deaths after initial repair.352,353”
From European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) consensus document on the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, endorsed by Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), and Sociedad Latinoamericana de Estimulacion Cardiaca y Electrofisiologia (SOLAECE) (2017) · cites this paper as [351]
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“Among young persons with known congenital heart disease, the highest risks of sudden death (0.2% per year) occur with specific conditions such as aortic stenosis [128].”
From European guidelines on managing adverse effects of medication for ADHD (2011) · cites this paper as [128]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Silka, M. J., Hardy, B. G., Menashe, V. D., & Morris, C. D.
- Affiliations
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Silka, Michael J
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1998-07
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 245-251
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2029421014
- Cited by
- 560
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 6.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- U.S. Public Health Service (R 0139052, R 29 4L36856)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Congenital Heart Disease Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cardiac Structural Anomalies and Repair
- Keywords
- sudden cardiac death, congenital heart disease, postoperative mortality, tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, coarctation of the aorta, aortic stenosis, cyanotic congenital heart disease, cardiac arrhythmias, risk factors, long-term follow-up
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Cause of Death, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Heart Defects, Congenital, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Oregon, Postoperative Complications, Prospective Studies, Risk, Survival Analysis, Death, Sudden, Cardiac
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