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Background and history of the interface between anxiety and vertigo
Abstract
The comorbidity of vertigo and anxiety has been an integral component of the medical literature since antiquity. In the works of Plato, the same terms were used in the context of vertigo, inebriation, height vertigo, disorientation, and mental confusion. In classical medicine, vertigo had the ambiguous status of being both a disease per se and a symptom of other diseases such as hypochondriacal melancholy. Further, two etiologies were described for vertigo: an origin in the head (brain) and an origin in the hypochondria (abdominal viscera). In the course of the development of a detailed neurologic taxonomy of vertigo in the latter half of the nineteenth century, a debate ensued whether agoraphobia was a form of vertigo or a distinct psychiatric condition. Elucidation of this forgotten debate, within its historical context, provides insights into the recent rediscovery of the balance-anxiety interface.
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“PPPD manifests with one or more symptoms of dizziness, unsteadiness, or non-spinning vertigo that are present on most days for three months or more and are exacerbated by upright posture, active or passive movement, and exposure to moving or complex visual stimuli.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Balaban, C. D., & Jacob, R. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Balaban, Carey D.
- Venue
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 27-51
- ISSN
- 0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2083985232
- Cited by
- 156
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R01DC000739, 1P01 DC03417, P01DC003417, R01 DC00739)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vestibular and auditory disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurology and Historical Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical Psychiatry and Medical Practices
- Keywords
- vertigo, anxiety, comorbidities, history of medicine, agoraphobia, health anxiety, vertigo etiology, balance disorders, history of neurology, classical medicine
- MeSH terms
- Agoraphobia, Anxiety Disorders, Humans, Vertigo, Comorbidity, History, 17th Century, History, 18th Century, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, History, Ancient
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