MANAGEMENT APPROACHES TO ADRENAL INCIDENTALOMAS
Abstract
The definition of adrenal incidentaloma encompasses a heterogeneous spectrum of pathologic entities, including primary adrenocortical and medullary tumors, benign or malignant lesions, hormonally active or inactive lesions, metastases, and infections. This article provides an overview of the diagnostic clinical approach and management of the incidentally discovered adrenal masses. Approaches are based on data collected in more than 1000 cases of the Collaborative Study Group on Adrenal Incidentaloma of the Italian Society of Endocrinology and the authors' experience.
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In an Italian study of 887 patients with adrenal incidentalomas, 90% of adrenocortical carcinomas had a diameter greater than 4 cm at presentation, and a 4-cm cut-off had 93% sensitivity for detecting adrenocortical carcinoma.
“In an Italian study of 887 patients with AIs, 90% of ACCs had a diameter of greater than 4 cm at presentation, with a 4-cm cut-off having a 93% sensitivity for detecting ACC (64).”
From Adrenal incidentaloma (2020) · cites this paper as [64]
Autonomous cortisol secretion has emerged as the commonest functional abnormality in patients with adrenal incidentaloma, with prevalence rates of up to 20%.
“ACS has emerged as the commonest functional abnormality in patients with AI with prevalence rates of up to 20% (64,65,72).”
From Adrenal incidentaloma (2020) · cites this paper as [64]
In a large Italian study (n=887), 90% of ACCs had diameter >4 cm at presentation; 4-cm cut-off had 93% sensitivity for detecting ACCs.
“A large Italian study of patients with AI (n = 887) reported that 90% of ACCs had a diameter of >4 cm at presentation, a 4-cm cut-off had a 93% sensitivity for detecting ACCs (64, 137).”
From Adrenal incidentaloma (2020) · cites this paper as [64]
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References 111 · Cited by 83
- Authors
- Mantero, F., & Arnaldi, G.
- Affiliations
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche (IT)
- Venue
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-03
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 107-125
- ISSN
- 0889-8529 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2012516859
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 111
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 1.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Adrenal and Paraganglionic Tumors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
- Keywords
- adrenal incidentaloma, adrenal mass, prevalence, sex differences, adrenal metastasis, adrenal medulla tumors, adrenocortical tumors, adrenal function testing, adrenalectomy, adrenal insufficiency, adrenal insufficiency treatment
- MeSH terms
- Adenoma, Adrenal Gland Neoplasms, Adrenalectomy, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Dexamethasone, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Italy
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