Anorexia and aging: pathophysiology
Abstract
Aging results in a dysregulation of the ability to regulate food intake. In general, this presents as a decrease in food intake accompanied by early satiation. The early satiation appears to be predominantly due to a decrease in adaptive relaxation of the fundus of the stomach resulting in early antral filling. Increased levels and effectiveness of cholecystokinin also play a role in the anorexia of aging. Leptin levels increase with aging in males but not in females. With regard to the central feeding drive, both the opioid and neuropeptide Y effects appear to decline with age. This physiologic anorexia of aging increases the risk for older persons to develop severe anorexia and weight loss when disease occurs.
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Anorexia of aging may explain loss of appetite experienced by some persons of advanced age who do not appear to have known disease conditions that affect appetite and are not receiving known appetite-suppressing treatments; such individuals do appear to have low-grade inflammation and associated hunger-satiety imbalance.
““Anorexia of aging” may explain the loss of appetite experienced by some persons of advanced age who do not appear to have known disease conditions that affect appetite and are not receiving known appetite‐suppressing treatments. Such individuals do appear to have low‐grade inflammation and associated hunger‐satiety imbalance. 58 , 59”
From GLIM consensus approach to diagnosis of malnutrition: A 5‐year update (2025) · cites this paper as [58]
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References 50 · Cited by 151
- Authors
- Morley, J. E., & Thomas, D. R.
- Affiliations
- Saint Louis University (US)
- St. Louis VA Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Morley, John E
- ORCID
- Morley, John E
- Venue
- Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1999-06
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 499-503
- ISSN
- 0899-9007 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2156275393
- Cited by
- 151
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 0.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Keywords
- anorexia of aging, aging, food intake regulation, early satiation, cholecystokinin, leptin, opioid peptides, neuropeptide Y, weight loss, older adults
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aging, Anorexia, Eating, Homeostasis, Humans, Proteins, Satiation, Neurotransmitter Agents, Leptin
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