The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Losing an only child: the one-child policy and elderly care in China
Open accessAbstract
China has had the one-child policy for more than 30 years. It reduced China’s population growth within a short period of time and promoted economic development. However, it has also led to difficulties, and this paper focuses on those which pertain to ageing and losing one’s only child. Approximately one million families have lost their only child in China. They suffer mentally and physically, and sometimes face social stigma and economic loss. What worries them most, however, is elderly care, which has become a severe crisis for the families who have lost their only children. This article draws upon several qualitative studies and 12 cases reported by the Chinese media in 2012 and 2013, and existing laws and policies for supporting those who have lost only children. It also analyses the current elderly care situation facing these families. The Chinese government has recognized the predicament and provides some help, which is increasing but is still not always adequate. To both sustain China’s economic development and limit population growth, it is essential for the government to reform the one-child policy and provide a comprehensive support system for the families who have lost their only children, including financial relief and elderly care, and work to reduce stigma against these families.RésuméLa politique de l’enfant unique est appliquée en Chine depuis plus de 30 ans. Elle rapidement a réduit la croissance démographique et a favorisé le développement économique. Néanmoins, elle a aussi engendré des difficultés, comme le vieillissement et la perte d’un enfant unique, sur lesquelles cet article se centre. Près d’un million de familles ont perdu leur seul enfant en Chine. Elles ont souffert psychologiquement et physiquement et ont parfois subi une stigmatisation sociale et une perte économique. Néanmoins, leur plus grande préoccupation concerne les soins aux personnes âgées qui représentent désormais un grave problème pour les familles ayant perdu leur unique enfant. Cet article se fonde sur plusieurs études qualitatives et 12 cas relatés par les médias chinois en 2012 et 2013, ainsi que les lois et politiques existantes pour soutenir les parents ayant perdu leur unique enfant. Il analyse aussi la situation actuelle des soins aux personnes âgées à laquelle sont confrontées ces familles. Le Gouvernement chinois a reconnu leurs difficultés et prodigue un peu d’aide, qui augmente, mais demeure parfois insuffisante. Pour soutenir le développement économique chinois et limiter la croissance démographique, il est essentiel que le Gouvernement réforme la politique de l’enfant unique et assure un système de soutien global aux familles qui ont perdu leur unique enfant, notamment des aides financières et des soins aux personnes âgées, et qu’il s’emploie à réduire la stigmatisation dont ces familles font l’objet.ResumenDurante más de 30 años, China ha tenido una política de hijo único, la cual redujo el crecimiento de la población china en un corto plazo y promovió el desarrollo económico. Sin embargo, también ha causado dificultades y este artículo se enfoca en aquellas relacionadas con envejecer y perder un hijo único. Aproximadamente un millón de familias chinas han perdido un hijo único. Sufren mental y físicamente, y a veces enfrentan estigma social y pérdidas económicas. No obstante, lo que más les preocupa es el cuidado de ancianos, que ahora es una crisis grave para las familias que han perdido su hijo único. Este artículo se basa en varios estudios cualitativos y 12 casos reportados por los medios de comunicación de China en los años 2012 y 2013, así como en las leyes y políticas vigentes que apoyan a las personas que han perdido un hijo único. Además, analiza la situación actual de estas familias con relación al cuidado de ancianos. El gobierno chino ha reconocido el aprieto y ofrece alguna ayuda, que está incrementando pero no siempre es adecuada. Para sustentar el desarrollo económico de China y limitar el crecimiento de su población, es esencial que el gobierno reforme la política de hijo único y establezca un sistema de apoyo integral para las familias que han perdido un hijo único, que incluya ayuda financiera y cuidado de ancianos, y que trabaje para reducir el estigma contra estas familias.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“It is estimated that a million Chinese families have already lost their only children ( Jiang et al. 2014, Song 2014), and the risk of losing an only child in rural areas is 1.68 times that in urban areas (Wang 2013(Wang , 2016)).”
From The Social and Sociological Consequences of China's One-Child Policy (2021) · cites this paper as Song 2014
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
No references could be resolved yet.
Research works printed but not linked: 15
- China Ministry of Health. 2010 China Yearbook of Health. 2010; Beijing Union Medical College Press: Beijing.
- Zhou Wei, 2013, China Population Science, 5, 2
- Xie Yongcai, 2013, Social Security Studies, 17, 72
- Yafu He. The Incontrollable Population Control. 2013; China Development Press: Beijing.
- Fuxian Yi. Big Country with An Empty Nest: Reflections on China’s Family Planning Policy. 2013; China Development Press: Beijing.
- Guo Yuhua, 2006, Social Science in China, 1, 19
- Zhang Bichun, 2012, Population and Economics, 194, 22
- China Ministry of Health. 2012 China Yearbook of Health. August. 2012; Beijing Union Medical College Press: Beijing.
- Mu Guangzhong, 2012, Journal of Huazhong Normal University (Humanities and Social Sciences), 51, 31
- Wu Shiying, 2013, Journal of Changchun University of Science and Technology (Social Sciences Edition), 26, 79
- Liu Yana, 2013, Social Science Journal, 208, 46
- Liao Jun, 2012, China Comment, 13, 56
- He Xiaoqing, 2013, Beijing Literature, 5, 4
- Zhang Bichun, 2013, Journal of Huangzhong Normal University (Humanities and Social Sciences Edition), 52, 19
- Zhang Qile, 2013, Modern Law Science, 35, 11
Cited by
The Social and Sociological Consequences of China's One-Child Policy
Cai, Y., & Feng, W. (2021) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-090220-032839 · Cited by 120
Metadata
- Authors
- Song, Y.
- Affiliations
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Song, Yu
- ORCID
- Song, Yu
- Venue
- Reproductive Health Matters
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2014-01
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 43
- Pages
- 113-124
- ISSN
- 0968-8080 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-9576
- OpenAlex
- W2001719439
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 6.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Reproductive Health Matters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (submittedVersion)
- ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences
- Social Sciences › Life-span and Life-course Studies › Aging, Elder Care, and Social Issues
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Policies and Family
- Keywords
- one-child policy, elderly care, family bereavement, social stigma, population aging, policy reform, China
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aging, China, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Only Child, Pensions, Public Policy, Rural Population, Family Planning Policy, Housing for the Elderly, Caregivers, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Losing an only child: the one-child policy and elderly care in China. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/s0968-8080(14)43755-8
- The paper
- Song, Y. (2014). Losing an only child: the one-child policy and elderly care in China. Reproductive Health Matters. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0968-8080(14)43755-8
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.