Regulation of blood glucose homeostasis during prolonged exercise
Open accessAbstract
The maintenance of normal blood glucose levels at rest and during exercise is critical. The maintenance of blood glucose homeostasis depends on the coordination and integration of several physiological systems, including the sympathetic nervous system and the endocrine system. During prolonged exercise increased demand for glucose by contracting muscle causes to increase glucose uptake to working skeletal muscle. Increase in glucose uptake by working skeletal muscle during prolonged exercise is due to an increase in the translocation of insulin and contraction sensitive glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) proteins to the plasma membrane. However, normal blood glucose level can be maintained by the augmentation of glucose production and release through the stimulation of liver glycogen breakdown, and the stimulation of the synthesis of glucose from other substances, and by the mobilization of other fuels that may serve as alternatives. Both feedback and feedforward mechanisms allow glycemia to be controlled during exercise. This review focuses on factors that control blood glucose homeostasis during prolonged exercise.
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These observations support a contribution from the CNS to regulate blood glucose concentration and indicate a feedforward governance of glycaemia.
“This seems to support a contribution from CNS to regulate blood glucose concentration and thus indicate a feedforward governance of glycaemia [102].”
From Regulation of Energy Substrate Metabolism in Endurance Exercise (2021) · cites this paper as [102]
Glucose output is almost entirely derived from liver glycogenolysis at the initial stages of prolonged moderate to high-intensity exercise secondary to glucagon and noradrenaline-mediated activation of hepatic glycogen phosphorylase.
“Glucose output is almost entirely derived from liver glycogenolysis at the initial stages of prolonged moderate to high-intensity exercise secondary to glucagon and noradrenaline-mediated activation of hepatic glycogen phosphorylase [101,102].”
From Regulation of Energy Substrate Metabolism in Endurance Exercise (2021) · cites this paper as [102]
Blood glucose supplies most of the fuel for the central nervous system.
“while supplying most of the fuel for the central nervous system (CNS) [102].”
From Regulation of Energy Substrate Metabolism in Endurance Exercise (2021) · cites this paper as [102]
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References 72 · Cited by 168
- Authors
- Suh, S.-H., Paik, I.-Y., & Jacobs, K. A.
- Affiliations
- Yonsei University (KR)
- University of Miami (US)
- Corresponding author
- Suh, Sang-Hoon
- Venue
- Molecules and Cells
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-06
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 272-279
- ISSN
- 0219-1032 (ISSN-L)
- 1016-8478
- OpenAlex
- W140703396
- Cited by
- 168
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 2.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Molecules and Cells (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- blood glucose homeostasis, prolonged exercise, skeletal muscle glucose uptake, GLUT4 translocation, hepatic glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, sympathetic nervous system, hormonal regulation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blood Glucose, Gluconeogenesis, Glucose, Homeostasis, Humans, Liver, Models, Biological, Physical Endurance, Time Factors, Exercise, Feedback, Physiological, Glycogenolysis
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