Gestational diabetes mellitus and the risk of metabolic syndrome: a population-based study in Lausanne, Switzerland
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Aims To investigate the relationships between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the metabolic syndrome (MS), as it was suggested that insulin resistance was the hallmark of both conditions. To analyse post-partum screening in order to identify risk factors for the subsequent development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).Methods A retrospective analysis of all singleton pregnancies diagnosed with GDM at the Lausanne University Hospital for 3 consecutive years. Pre-pregnancy obesity, hypertension and dyslipidaemia were recorded as constituents of the MS.Results For 5788 deliveries, 159 women (2.7%) with GDM were identified. Constituents of the MS were present before GDM pregnancy in 26% (n = 37/144): 84% (n = 31/37) were obese, 38% (n = 14/37) had hypertension and 22% (n = 8/37) had dyslipidaemia. Gestational hypertension was associated with obesity (OR = 3.2, P = 0.02) and dyslipidaemia (OR = 5.4, P=0.002). Seventy-four women (47%) returned for post-partum OGTT, which was abnormal in 20 women (27%): 11% (n = 8) had type 2 diabetes and 16% (n = 12) had impaired glucose tolerance. Independent predictors of abnormal glucose tolerance in the post-partum were: having > 2 abnormal values on the diagnostic OGTT during pregnancy and presenting MS constituents (OR = 5.2, CI 1.8-23.2 and OR = 5.3, CI 1.3-22.2).Conclusions In one fourth of GDM pregnancies, metabolic abnormalities precede the appearance of glucose intolerance. These women have a high risk of developing the MS and type 2 diabetes in later years. Where GDM screening is not universal, practitioners should be aware of those metabolic risks in every pregnant woman presenting with obesity, hypertension or dyslipidaemia, in order to achieve better diagnosis and especially better post-partum follow-up and treatment.
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Women who develop GDM already have higher BMIs and worse metabolic profiles before pregnancy, including higher total cholesterol, triglycerides, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
“Women who develop GDM already have higher BMIs and worse metabolic profiles before pregnancy, which includes higher total cholesterol, triglycerides, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [62,63].”
From Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Diagnostic Approaches and Maternal-Offspring Complications (2022) · cites this paper as [63]
The discussion following the Post-partum OGTT results (page unavailable) reports that 26% of women with GDM had metabolic abnormalities before pregnancy, mostly obesity. It also says lipid profiles were not systematically measured in women without GDM, so the study could not make the claimed comparison; the cited passages do not establish higher total cholesterol, triglycerides, or HOMA insulin resistance, or lower HDL cholesterol before pregnancy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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References 37 · Cited by 70
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- Authors
- Noussitou, P., Monbaron, D., Vial, Y., Gaillard, R., & Ruiz, J.
- Affiliations
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Ruiz, J
- Venue
- Diabetes & Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-09
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 361-369
- ISSN
- 1262-3636 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2168053467
- Semantic Scholar
- ed4502d25e2e3b777021d696748ee7739e83bf92
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 5.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- iris.unil.ch
- Locations
- Diabetes & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Keywords
- gestational diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, postpartum glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerance, gestational hypertension, pre-pregnancy obesity, dyslipidemia, postpartum follow-up, oral glucose tolerance test, Switzerland, pregnancy outcomes, gestational diabetes screening
- MeSH terms
- Body Weight, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Hospitals, University, Humans, Hyperglycemia, Hypertension, Obesity, Parity, Pregnancy, Puerperal Disorders, Risk Factors, Switzerland, Diabetes, Gestational, Metabolic Syndrome, Postpartum Period, Dyslipidemias
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