Cited by 118Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and TreatmentsMenopause: Health Impacts and TreatmentsEstrogen and related hormone effects

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Is there a connection between estrogen and Parkinson’s disease?

Shulman, Lisa M.·2002·Parkinsonism & Related Disorders

DOI 10.1016/s1353-8020(02)00014-7

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Abstract

Increasing evidence suggests that estrogens may protect the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway affected in Parkinson's disease (PD). Animal studies show that estrogens influence the synthesis, release, and metabolism of dopamine and can modulate dopamine receptor expression and function. Some clinical studies suggest that PD symptoms may be exacerbated after menopause and delayed or alleviated with hormone replacement therapy, but others have failed to observe positive estrogenic effects. The conflicting findings suggest that several variables, including age, estrogen dose and formulation, and timing and length of dosing period, may determine whether benefits are seen and the nature of these benefits. Further investigation is therefore needed for the relationship between estrogens and the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system.

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Authors: Shulman, L. M.
Affiliations: University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
Corresponding author: Shulman, Lisa M.
ORCID: Shulman, Lisa M.
Venue: Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2002-06
Volume: 8
Issue: 5
Pages: 289-295
ISSN: 1353-8020 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(02)00014-7
OpenAlex: W1979867396
Cited by: 118
References: 82
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 0.47
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Parkinsonism & Related Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Estrogen and related hormone effects
Keywords: estrogen, Parkinson's disease
MeSH terms: Estrogens, Female, Humans, Parkinson Disease, Estrogen Replacement Therapy

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