The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Electromyographic differentiation of tremors
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to explore the opportunity for differentiation of tremors on the basis of the electromyographic examination. Methods We report data from 525 patients with different types of tremor included in this study. Two hundred and twenty patients with essential tremor, 110 patients with Parkinson's disease, 24 patients with midbrain tremor, 22 patients with cerebellar tremor, 120 patients with enhanced physiological tremor due to anxiety, and 29 patients with psychogenic tremor participated in the study. A detailed neurological and electromyographic examination was performed. The tremor was studied in all limbs positions. Surface electromyographic recordings of the most involved body part were performed to all patients. Results According to the electromyographic examination all patients were divided to two groups: Patients with synchronous tremor and patients with alternating tremor in the antagonist muscles. The comparisons were performed only between the patients with tremor caused by different etiology within the group of synchronous or alternating tremor. The group of tremors with synchronous pattern included the patients with essential tremor type A (with synchronous activity), cerebellar, and enhanced physiological tremor. The group of tremors with alternating pattern included patients with Parkinsonian tremor, essential tremor type B (with alternating activity), rubral, and psychogenic tremors. Our results revealed that electromyographic examination of tremor pattern, frequency, amplitude, and burst duration is useful for tremor differentiation. Conclusion The electromyographic examination may serve as a tool for differentiation of tremors.
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“However, due to overlaps in feature distribution, none of these features alone are able to separate the two tremors (Capildeo and Findley, 1984; Calzetti et al., 1987; Milanov, 2001).”
From A Novel Posture for Better Differentiation Between Parkinson's Tremor and Essential Tremor (2018) · cites this paper as Milanov, 2001
In the citing paper
“Many statistical features from kinetic signals of tremor, including tremor intensity, dominant frequency, bursting duration (Milanov, 2001), shape factors (Deuschl et al., 1995), tremor stability index (Di Biase et al., 2017) etc., have been discovered to be statistically different between PD and ET.”
From A Novel Posture for Better Differentiation Between Parkinson's Tremor and Essential Tremor (2018) · cites this paper as Milanov, 2001
In the citing paper
“The posture involved in this session was reported to be the most sensitive in tremor differentiation (Ai et al., 2007) and has been performed in many published studies (Milanov, 2001).”
From A Novel Posture for Better Differentiation Between Parkinson's Tremor and Essential Tremor (2018) · cites this paper as Milanov, 2001
Citations
Cites
Consensus Statement of the Movement Disorder Society on Tremor
Deuschl, G., Bain, P., & Brin, M. (2008) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.870131303 · Cited by 1,981
Criteria for diagnosing Parkinson's disease
Calne, D. B., Snow, B. J., & Lee, C. (1992) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410320721 · Cited by 628
Lees, A. J. (1995) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.59.3.345-d · Cited by 255
Physiologic and essential tremor
Elble, R. J. (1986) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.36.2.225 · Cited by 231
ON CERTAIN TREMORS IN ORGANIC CEREBRAL LESIONS
Holmes, G. M. (1904) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/27.3.327 · Cited by 230
Clinical Neurophysiology of Tremor
Deuschl, G., Krack, P., Lauk, M., & Timmer, J. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1097/00004691-199603000-00002 · Cited by 208
(1995) · M. Dekker eBooks · Cited by 171
Fahn, S., & Williams, D. T. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 108
Spectral analysis of tremor: understanding the results.
Gresty, M. A., & Buckwell, D. (1990) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.53.11.976 · Cited by 71
Essential tremor: electrophysiological and pharmacological evidence for a subdivision.
Deuschl, G., Lücking, C. H., & Schenck, E. (1987) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.50.11.1435 · Cited by 71
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Klassen, B. T., Caviness, J. N., & Bower, J. H. (2021) · doi:10.1093/med/9780190067854.003.0049
Kovács, A., & Kamondi, A. (2023) · Contemporary clinical neuroscience · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-26128-2_11
Daneault, J., & Duval, C. (2023) · Contemporary clinical neuroscience · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-26128-2_7
The role of neurorehabilitation in the suppression of pathological tremor
Lora-Millán, J. S., & Rocón, E. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819877-3.00011-1 · Cited by 1
Neuromuscular Diseases Characterized by Abnormal Muscle Activities
Kimura, J., & Strakowski, J. A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780197658017.003.0028
Rujirussawarawong, S., Ounmuang, C., Aungsumart, S., Kasemsuk, C., & Limotai, N. (2026) · Movement Disorders Clinical Practice · doi:10.1002/mdc3.70707
Metadata
- Authors
- Milanov, I.
- Corresponding author
- Milanov, Ivan
- ORCID
- Milanov, Ivan
- Venue
- Clinical Neurophysiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-09
- Volume
- 112
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1626-1632
- ISSN
- 1388-2457 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2079788729
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 1.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Neurophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Muscle activation and electromyography studies
- Keywords
- tremor, tremor classification, surface electromyography, essential tremor, Parkinson's disease, parkinsonian tremor, cerebellar tremor, psychogenic tremor, antagonist muscles
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Anxiety, Mental Disorders, Brain Diseases, Cerebellar Diseases, Diagnosis, Differential, Electromyography, Female, Humans, Male, Mesencephalon, Middle Aged, Parkinson Disease, Tremor
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