The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Brain cancer after radiation exposure from CT examinations of children and young adults: results from the EPI-CT cohort study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The European EPI-CT study aims to quantify cancer risks from CT examinations of children and young adults. Here, we assess the risk of brain cancer. METHODS: We pooled data from nine European countries for this cohort study. Eligible participants had at least one CT examination before age 22 years documented between 1977 and 2014, had no previous diagnosis of cancer or benign brain tumour, and were alive and cancer-free at least 5 years after the first CT. Participants were identified through the Radiology Information System in 276 hospitals. Participants were linked with national or regional registries of cancer and vital status, and eligible cases were patients with brain cancers according to WHO International Classification of Diseases for Oncology. Gliomas were analysed separately to all brain cancers. Organ doses were reconstructed using historical machine settings and a large sample of CT images. Excess relative risks (ERRs) of brain cancer per 100 mGy of cumulative brain dose were calculated with linear dose-response modelling. The outcome was the first reported diagnosis of brain cancer after an exclusion period of 5 years after the first electronically recorded CT examination. FINDINGS: We identified 948 174 individuals, of whom 658 752 (69%) were eligible for our study. 368 721 (56%) of 658 752 participants were male and 290 031 (44%) were female. During a median follow-up of 5·6 years (IQR 2·4-10·1), 165 brain cancers occurred, including 121 (73%) gliomas. Mean cumulative brain dose, lagged by 5 years, was 47·4 mGy (SD 60·9) among all individuals and 76·0 mGy (100·1) among people with brain cancer. A significant linear dose-response relationship was observed for all brain cancers (ERR per 100 mGy 1·27 [95% CI 0·51-2·69]) and for gliomas separately (ERR per 100 mGy 1·11 [0·36-2·59]). Results were robust when the start of follow-up was delayed beyond 5 years and when participants with possibly previously unreported cancers were excluded. INTERPRETATION: The observed significant dose-response relationship between CT-related radiation exposure and brain cancer in this large, multicentre study with individual dose evaluation emphasises careful justification of paediatric CTs and use of doses as low as reasonably possible. FUNDING: EU FP7; Belgian Cancer Registry; La Ligue contre le Cancer, L'Institut National du Cancer, France; Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research; Worldwide Cancer Research; Dutch Cancer Society; Research Council of Norway; Consejo de Seguridad Nuclear, Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain; US National Cancer Institute; UK National Institute for Health Research; Public Health England.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“These findings, also noted for brain cancers31, within EPI-CT, may be an artifact of the generally short follow-up of this cohort (7.8 years on average) and of the heterogeneous distribution of age at exposure, attained age and time since exposure across countries.”
From Risk of hematological malignancies from CT radiation exposure in children, adolescents and young adults (2023) · cites this paper as [31]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Pearce, M. S., Salotti, J. A., Little, M. P., McHugh, K., Lee, C., Kim, K. P., Howe, N. L., Ronckers, C. M., Rajaraman, P., Craft, A. W., et al. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60815-0 · Cited by 3,735
Self-citationMathews, J. D., Forsythe, A. V., Brady, Z., Butler, M. W., Goergen, S. K., Byrnes, G. B., Giles, G. G., Wallace, A. B., Anderson, P. R., Guiver, T. A., et al. (2013) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.f2360 · Cited by 2,029
Self-citationStatistical methods in cancer research. Volume II--The design and analysis of cohort studies.
Breslow, N. E., & Day, N. E. (1987) · PubMed · Cited by 1,684
Miglioretti, D. L., Johnson, E., Williams, A. E., Greenlee, R. T., Weinmann, S. A., Solberg, L. I., Feigelson, H. S., Roblin, D. W., Flynn, M. J., Vanneman, N., et al. (2013) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.311 · Cited by 1,476
ICRP Publication 135: Diagnostic Reference Levels in Medical Imaging
Vañó, E., Miller, D. L., Martin, C. J., Rehani, M. M., Kang, K., Rosenstein, M., Ortiz-López, P., Mattsson, S., Padovani, R., & Rogers, A. (2017) · Annals of the ICRP · doi:10.1177/0146645317717209 · Cited by 1,043
Trends in Use of Medical Imaging in US Health Care Systems and in Ontario, Canada, 2000-2016
Smith‐Bindman, R., Kwan, M. L., Marlow, E. C., Theis, M. K., Bolch, W. E., Cheng, S. Y., Bowles, E. J. A., Duncan, J. R., Greenlee, R. T., Kushi, L. H., et al. (2019) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2019.11456 · Cited by 738
Statistical Methods in Cancer Research, Volume II: The Design and Analysis of Cohort Studies.
Cornell, R. G., Breslow, N. E., & Day, N. E. (1992) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2290308 · Cited by 705
Addressing Overutilization in Medical Imaging
Hendee, W. R., Becker, G. J., Borgstede, J. P., Bosma, J. L., Casarella, W. J., Erickson, B. A., Maynard, C. D., Thrall, J. H., & Wallner, P. E. (2010) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.10100063 · Cited by 622
Neglia, J. P., Robison, L. L., Stovall, M., Liu, Y., Packer, R. J., Hammond, S., Yasui, Y., Kasper, C. E., Mertens, A. C., Donaldson, S. S., et al. (2006) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djj411 · Cited by 563
Radiation exposure from pediatric CT scans and subsequent cancer risk in The Netherlands
Meulepas, J. M., Ronckers, C. M., Smets, A. M. J. B., Nievelstein, R. A. J., Gradowska, P., Lee, C., Jahnen, A., van Straten, M., de Wit, M.-C. Y., Zonnenberg, B., et al. (2019) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djy104 · Cited by 360
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Weller, M., Wen, P. Y., Chang, S. M., Dirven, L., Lim, M. K., Monje, M., & Reifenberger, G. (2024) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-024-00516-y · Cited by 693
Primary brain tumours in adults
van den Bent, M. J., Geurts, M., French, P. J., Smits, M., Capper, D., Bromberg, J. E. C., & Chang, S. M. (2023) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01054-1 · Cited by 465
Projected Lifetime Cancer Risks From Current Computed Tomography Imaging
Smith-Bindman, R., Chu, P. W., Azman Firdaus, H., Stewart, C., Malekhedayat, M., Alber, S., Bolch, W. E., Mahendra, M., Berrington de González, A., & Miglioretti, D. L. (2025) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.0505 · Cited by 358
Bosch de Basea, M., Thierry-Chef, I., Harbron, R., Hauptmann, M., Byrnes, G., Bernier, M.-O., Le Cornet, L., Dabin, J., Ferro, G., Istad, T. S., et al. (2023) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-023-02620-0 · Cited by 349
Self-citationPrice, M., Neff, C., Nagarajan, N., Kruchko, C. A., Waite, K. A., Cioffi, G., Cordeiro, B., Willmarth, N. E., Peñas-Prado, M., Gilbert, M. R., et al. (2024) · Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1093/neuonc/noae047 · Cited by 100
Medical Imaging and Pediatric and Adolescent Hematologic Cancer Risk
Smith‐Bindman, R., Alber, S. A., Kwan, M. L., Pequeno, P., Bolch, W. E., Bowles, E. J. A., Greenlee, R. T., Stout, N. K., Weinmann, S. A., Moy, L. M., et al. (2025) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2502098 · Cited by 91
Radiation-Induced Brain Injury: Age Dependency of Neurocognitive Dysfunction Following Radiotherapy
Rübe, C. E., Raid, S., Palm, J., & Rübe, C. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15112999 · Cited by 66
Brain Tumor Segmentation Using Deep Learning on MRI Images
Mostafa, A. M., Zakariah, M., & Aldakheel, E. A. (2023) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics13091562 · Cited by 63
Onyije, F. M., Dolatkhah, R., Olsson, A. C., Bouaoun, L., Deltour, I., Erdmann, F., Bonaventure, A., Scheurer, M. E., Clavel, J., & Schüz, J. (2023) · Cancer Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.canep.2023.102510 · Cited by 45
Self-citationLow-Dose Non-Targeted Effects and Mitochondrial Control
Averbeck, D. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241411460 · Cited by 51
Let’s talk about radiation dose and radiation protection in children
Granata, C., Sofia, C., Francavilla, M., Kardoš, M., Kasznia-Brown, J., Nievelstein, R. A. J., Olteanu, B. S., Owens, C. M., Salerno, S., Sorantin, E., et al. (2024) · Pediatric Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00247-024-06009-0 · Cited by 40
Object Detection for Brain Cancer Detection and Localization
Mercaldo, F., Brunese, L., Martinelli, F., Santone, A., & Cesarelli, M. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app13169158 · Cited by 37
Hagen, F., Soschynski, M., Weis, M., Hagar, M. T., Krumm, P., Ayx, I., Taron, J., Krauß, T., Hein, M., Ruile, P., et al. (2023) · RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren · doi:10.1055/a-2119-5802 · Cited by 36
Hamada, N. (2023) · Radiation Research · doi:10.1667/rade-23-00030.1 · Cited by 31
Brains in space: impact of microgravity and cosmic radiation on the CNS during space exploration
Wuyts, F. L., Deblieck, C., Vandevoorde, C., & Durante, M. (2025) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-025-00923-4 · Cited by 33
Assessment of Radiation Exposure in a Nuclear Medicine Department during 99mTc-MDP Bone Scintigraphy
Marshall, S. K., Prom-on, P., Sangkue, S., & Thiangsook, W. (2023) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics11100814 · Cited by 24
Wekalao, J., Alsalman, O., & Patel, S. K. (2025) · Measurement · doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117812 · Cited by 23
Song, D., Zhang, Z., Zheng, J., Zhang, W., & Cai, J. (2025) · Biomarker Research · doi:10.1186/s40364-025-00751-9 · Cited by 22
Ultrafast Brain MRI Protocol at 1.5 T Using Deep Learning and Multi-shot EPI
Altmann, S., Mercado, M. A. A., Brockstedt, L., Kronfeld, A., Clifford, B., Feiweier, T., Uphaus, T., Groppa, S., Brockmann, M. A., & Othman, A. E. (2023) · Academic Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.acra.2023.04.019 · Cited by 22
A Historical Survey of Key Epidemiological Studies of Ionizing Radiation Exposure
Little, M. P., Bаzyка, D., de González, A. B., Brenner, A. V., Chumak, V. V., Cullings, H. M., Daniels, R. D., French, B. C., Grant, E. J., Hamada, N., et al. (2024) · Radiation Research · doi:10.1667/rade-24-00021.1 · Cited by 23
Self-citationIncreasing Cancer in Adolescents and Young Adults: Cancer Types and Causation Implications
Bleyer, A. (2023) · Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology · doi:10.1089/jayao.2022.0134 · Cited by 27
The Acute Effect of Multi-Ingredient Antioxidant Supplementation following Ionizing Radiation
Xhuti, D., Rebalka, I. A., Minhas, M., May, L. L., Murphy, K. J., Nederveen, J. P., & Tarnopolsky, M. A. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15010207 · Cited by 17
Marshall, S. K., Kwandee, P., Songphum, N., & Chuaymuang, J. (2025) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym17111491 · Cited by 17
Trends in Low-Value Care Among Children’s Hospitals
House, S. A., Marín, J. R., Coon, E. R., Ralston, S. L., Hall, M., Souza, H. G. D., Ho, T., Reyes, M. A., & Schroeder, A. R. (2023) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2023-062492 · Cited by 15
Han, S., Soh, J., Nah, S., Han, K., Jung, J., Park, J., Hwang, Y. S., Lee, C., & Hong, J. (2025) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-025-04235-3 · Cited by 14
Self-citationThyroid cancer in adolescents and young adults: a population-based study in 185 countries worldwide
Li, M., Maso, L. D., Pizzato, M., Rumgay, H., & Vaccarella, S. (2025) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(25)00289-x · Cited by 19
Picano, E., & Vano, E. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13072066 · Cited by 14
Hashimoto, H., Takemoto, O., Nishimoto, K., Moriguchi, G., Nakamura, M., & Chiba, Y. (2023) · Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics · doi:10.3171/2023.7.peds23218 · Cited by 13
de Blank, P. M. K., Lange, K. R., Xing, M., Salehabadi, S. M., Srivastava, D. K., Brinkman, T. M., Ness, K. K., Oeffinger, K. C., Neglia, J. P., Krull, K. R., et al. (2024) · Nature Cancer · doi:10.1038/s43018-024-00733-0 · Cited by 13
Pure Vision Transformer (CT-ViT) with Noise2Neighbors Interpolation for Low-Dose CT Image Denoising
Marcos, L., Babyn, P., & Alirezaie, J. (2024) · Journal of Imaging Informatics in Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10278-024-01108-8 · Cited by 13
Klempka, A., Schröder, A., Neumayer, P., Groden, C., Clausen, S., & Hetjens, S. (2024) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics14101019 · Cited by 13
Marshall, S. K., Sirieak, N., Karnkorn, P., Keawtong, V., Hayeeabdunromae, A., Noomad, N., Durawee, W., & Cheewakul, J. (2024) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app14125041 · Cited by 15
Recurrent medical imaging exposures for the care of patients: one way forward
Frush, D. P., Vassileva, J., Brambilla, M., Mahesh, M., Rehani, M. M., Samei, E., Applegate, K. E., Bourland, J. D., Ciraj‐Bjelac, O., Dahlstrom, D., et al. (2024) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-024-10659-x · Cited by 12
Bos, D., Wang, Y., Stewart, C., Chu, P., Luong, J., Haubold, J., Schröer, B., Zensen, S., Duong, P.-A. T., Schindera, S. T., et al. (2025) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-025-11724-9 · Cited by 11
Priyanka, Kadavigere, R., & Sukumar, S. (2023) · Clinical Neuroradiology · doi:10.1007/s00062-023-01361-4 · Cited by 11
Benzazon, N., Carré, A., de Kermenguy, F., Niyoteka, S., Maury, P., Colnot, J., M'hamdi, M., Aichi, M. E., Veres, C., Allodji, R. S., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.03.007 · Cited by 11
Self-citationRomero‐Expósito, M., Sánchez-Nieto, B., Riveira-Martín, M., Azizi, M., Gkavonatsiou, A., Muñoz, I., López-Martínez, I. N., Espinoza, I., Zelada, G., Córdova, A., et al. (2024) · Physica Medica · doi:10.1016/j.ejmp.2024.104879 · Cited by 11
The application progress of PAMAM dendrimer in cancer imaging and treatment
Zhang, C.-Y., Gu, K., Chi, M., Gao, X., Gao, L., Zhang, N., Liu, Y.-X., & Li, T. (2025) · Journal of Biomaterials Science Polymer Edition · doi:10.1080/09205063.2025.2497623 · Cited by 11
New evidence for brain cancer risk after a single paediatric CT scan
Hamada, N., & Zablotska, L. B. (2022) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(22)00696-9 · Cited by 11
Mahendran, N., Muthuvel, P., Arunprasath, T., Rajasekaran, M. P., Bridget Nirmala, J., & Kottaimalai, R. (2023) · International Conference on Edge Computing and Applications (ICECAA) · doi:10.1109/icecaa58104.2023.10212258 · Cited by 11
Improving the Safety of Computed Tomography Through Automated Quality Measurement
Smith‐Bindman, R., Wang, Y., Stewart, C., Luong, J., Chu, P., Kohli, M. D., Westphalen, A. C., Siegel, E. L., Ray, M., Szczykutowicz, T. P., et al. (2024) · Investigative Radiology · doi:10.1097/rli.0000000000001062 · Cited by 10
Weiß, D., Beeres, M., Rochwalsky, U., Vogl, T. J., & Schlößer, R. L. (2024) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-024-10942-x · Cited by 10
Kobayashi, N., Nakaura, T., Yoshida, N., Nagayama, Y., Kidoh, M., Uetani, H., Sakabe, D., Kawamata, Y., Funama, Y., Tsutsumi, T., et al. (2024) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-024-11212-6 · Cited by 10
Abuhamed, J., Nikkilä, A., Raitanen, J. A., Lohi, O., & Auvinen, A. P. (2024) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.35318 · Cited by 10
Brender, J., Assmann, J. C., Farthing, D. E., Saito, K., Kishimoto, S., Warrick, K. A., Maglakelidze, N., Larus, T. L., Merkle, H., Gress, R. E., et al. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-41163-9 · Cited by 10
Saint‐Hubert, M. D., Boissonnat, G., Schneider, U., Bäumer, C., Verbeek, N. G., Esser, J., Wulff, J., Stuckmann, F., Suesselbeck, F., Nabha, R., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2023.1222800 · Cited by 10
Self-citationMahendra, M., Chu, P., Amin, E. K., Nawaytou, H. M., Duncan, J. R., Fineman, J. R., & Smith‐Bindman, R. (2023) · Pulmonary Circulation · doi:10.1002/pul2.12282 · Cited by 9
Spahn, B., Müller-Graff, F.-T., ten Rak, K., Engert, J., Voelker, J., Hackenberg, S., Hagen, R., Neun, T., Petritsch, B., Bley, T. A., et al. (2024) · American Journal of Neuroradiology · doi:10.3174/ajnr.a8533 · Cited by 9
Chauhan, V., Beaton, D., Tollefsen, K. E., Preston, R. J., Burtt, J. J., Leblanc, J. E., Hamada, N., Azzam, E. I., Armant, O., Bouffler, S. D., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Radiation Biology · doi:10.1080/09553002.2024.2348072 · Cited by 8
Cancer Risk Associated With Radiation Doses Used for CT Scans in Pediatric and General Hospitals
Mahendra, M., Malekhedayat, M., Chu, P., Stewart, C., Wang, Y., Bardach, N. S., & Smith‐Bindman, R. (2025) · Hospital Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/hpeds.2024-008256 · Cited by 8
Low-Field MRI for Dental Imaging in Pediatric Patients With Supernumerary and Ectopic Teeth
Willershausen, I., Evangeliou, S., Fautz, H., Amarteifio, P., May, M. S., Stroebel, A. M., Zeilinger, M. G., Uder, M., Goelz, L., & Kopp, M. (2024) · Investigative Radiology · doi:10.1097/rli.0000000000001129 · Cited by 8
Epigenetics, human imprintome, and chronic diseases
Jirtle, R. L. (2025) · Essays in Biochemistry · doi:10.1042/ebc20253015 · Cited by 9
Stein, N., Ribeiro, L. T., Harrison, A. H., & Yıkılmaz, A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-62017-1_4 · Cited by 8
Age-Dependent Changes in Effective Dose in Pediatric Brain CT: Comparisons of Estimation Methods
Inoue, Y., Mori, M., Itoh, H., Mitsui, K., Miyatake, H., Yamane, T., & Hata, H. (2023) · Tomography · doi:10.3390/tomography10010002 · Cited by 7
Yang, F., & Gao, L. (2024) · Journal of Radiological Protection · doi:10.1088/1361-6498/ad3ce5 · Cited by 7
A Metaheuristic based Clustering Approach for Breast Cancer Identification for Earlier Diagnosis
Balaji, S., Arunprasath, T., Rajasekaran, M. P., Sindhuja, K., & Kottaimalai, R. (2023) · International Conference on Smart Electronics and Communication (ICOSEC) · doi:10.1109/icosec58147.2023.10275824 · Cited by 7
Radiation dose optimisation in paediatric head CT using attenuation-based auto prescription
Zellner, M., Sirin, S., Kocher, N., Schraner, T., Rupcich, F., Kottke, R., & Kellenberger, C. J. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-18097-5 · Cited by 6
Kaasalainen, T. T., Männistö, V., Mäkelä, T. O., Suojanen, J., Nuorala, A., Heliövaara, A., & Leikola, J. P. (2023) · Pediatric Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00247-023-05644-3 · Cited by 6
Trends in the neurological emergency room, focusing on persons with seizures
Welte, T. M., Ernst, S., Stritzelberger, J., Gollwitzer, S., Lang, J., Reindl, C., Sprügel, M. I., Olmes, D. G., Schwab, S., Blinzler, C., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.15976 · Cited by 6
Rizzo, S., Bellesi, L., D’Ermo, A., Bonomo, L. D., D’Ecclesiis, O., Magoga, F., Presilla, S., Spanò, A., Minzolini, V., Piccolo, F. L., et al. (2024) · La radiologia medica · doi:10.1007/s11547-024-01790-2 · Cited by 6
Valente, D., Gentileschi, M. P., Valenti, A., Burgio, M., Soddu, S., Bruzzaniti, V., Guerrisi, A., & Verdina, A. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25137064 · Cited by 6
Pediatric emergency 2024 updates
Rose, E., & Easter, J. S. (2025) · The American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2025.02.019 · Cited by 6
CT radiation exposure and cancer risk: from knowing to acting
Frush, D. P., Frija, G. G., Allen, B., Brkljačić, B., Damilakis, J. E., & Mahesh, M. (2024) · Pediatric Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00247-024-05949-x · Cited by 6
Noninvasive Assessment of the Risk Features of Hemorrhage in Moyamoya Disease Using 7T MRI
Duan, Q., Lyu, J., Liu, Z., Hao, F., Li, R., Liu, S., Hao, X., Li, J., Bian, X., Duan, C., et al. (2025) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000213617 · Cited by 5
Long, J., Wang, C., Meng, Y., Liu, X., Xu, W., Liu, Z., Wang, C., Wu, Y., Sun, A., Zhang, S., et al. (2025) · Japanese Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1007/s11604-025-01866-7 · Cited by 5
Clinical indication-based diagnostic reference levels in CT: a systematic review
Alim, A., Leong, S. S., Sudin, A. E. L. T., & Awla, D. H. (2026) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-104530 · Cited by 5
Johnson, G. W., Greenberg, J. K., Hale, A. T., Ahluwalia, R., Hill, M., Belal, A. M., Baygani, S., Foraker, R. E., Carpenter, C. R., Yan, Y., et al. (2023) · Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics · doi:10.3171/2023.2.peds22393 · Cited by 5
Yang, R., Deng, M., Yang, L.-K., Wang, G., Ma, J., Wen, Q., Gao, N., & Qiao, H. (2025) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2025.03.032 · Cited by 6
Uruma, T. (2025) · Internal Medicine · doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.5200-24 · Cited by 5
Sugawara, R., Watanabe, H., Taki, N., Onuma, S., Kikkawa, I., & Takeshita, K. (2023) · Journal of Orthopaedic Science · doi:10.1016/j.jos.2023.07.008 · Cited by 5
Hashimoto, H., Takemoto, O., & Chiba, Y. (2023) · Neuroradiology · doi:10.1007/s00234-023-03229-3 · Cited by 5
Gohla, G., Estler, A., Zerweck, L., Knoppik, J., Ruff, C., Werner, S., Nikolaou, K., Ernemann, U., Afat, S., & Brendlin, A. (2024) · Academic Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.acra.2024.08.018 · Cited by 5
Management of severe traumatic brain injury in pediatric patients: an evidence-based approach
Carlotti, A. P. D. C. P., do Amaral, V. L., Balzi, A. P. D. C. C., Johnston, C., Regalio, F. A., Cardoso, M. F., Ferranti, J. F., Zamberlan, P., Gilio, A. E., Malbouisson, L. M. S., et al. (2024) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-024-07849-2 · Cited by 7
Patient-specific organ dose calculation using automatic segmentation and extension of CT scans
Morató, S., Juste, B., Miró, R., Santos, A., Badal, A., Lee, C., Verdú, G., & Mille, M. M. (2025) · Radiation Physics and Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113013 · Cited by 5
Self-citationHow can children benefit from total-body PET?
van Snick, J. H., Ivashchenko, O., van Sluis, J., de Langen, L. B., van den Oever, G. C., Roya, M., Glaudemans, A. W. J. M., & Slart, R. H. J. A. (2025) · British Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1093/bjr/tqaf242 · Cited by 4
de González, A. B., Sawyer, I., & Veiga, L. H. S. (2025) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/bgaf058 · Cited by 4
Hamada, N., Bernier, M., Lumniczky, K., & Laurier, D. (2025) · Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research · doi:10.1016/j.mrrev.2025.108582 · Cited by 4
Self-citationResearch on Cotton Yarn Based on Synchrotron Radiation 3D Micro-CT Imaging
Han, S., Li, Q., Newton, M. A. A., Gao, Y., Xin, B., & Li, K. (2024) · Fibers and Polymers · doi:10.1007/s12221-023-00463-7 · Cited by 4
Rivero, R., Curran, I. L., Hellmann, Z. J., Carroll, M., Hornick, M. A., Solomon, D. G., DiLuna, M. L., Morrell, P., & Christison-Lagay, E. R. (2024) · Journal of Pediatric Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.162097 · Cited by 4
Representative Organ Doses from Computed Tomography (CT) Exams from a Large International Registry
Chu, P., Stewart, C., Kofler, C., Mahendra, M., Wang, Y., Chu, C. A., Lee, C., Bolch, W. E., & Smith‐Bindman, R. (2024) · Radiation Research · doi:10.1667/rade-24-00178.1 · Cited by 4
Self-citationFrush, D. P., Ansari, A. J., Brink, J. A., Kosti, O., Larson, D. B., Linet, M. S., Mahesh, M., Sechopoulos, I., & Vassileva, J. (2025) · Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics · doi:10.1002/acm2.70022 · Cited by 4
Ma, Y., Fei, X. Q., Jiang, C., Chen, H., Wang, Z., & Bao, Y. (2024) · European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1093/ejcts/ezae291 · Cited by 3
The head of invasive cardiologists as a target of professional exposure to ionizing radiation
Borghini, A. (2024) · Exploration of Cardiology · doi:10.37349/ec.2024.00036 · Cited by 3
Mohammad, S. A., Elsayed, R., Arafa, N. E., Ragab, E. Y., Elsayed, N. N., Hassan, M. E., Abdulghaffar, M. M., & Ibrahim, G. S. (2025) · Pediatric Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00247-025-06321-3 · Cited by 3
Ott, B., Treier, R., & Trueb, P. R. (2025) · Journal of Radiological Protection · doi:10.1088/1361-6498/adf1ad · Cited by 3
Advances in the diagnosis of pediatric arterial ischemic stroke – imaging and beyond
Fearn, N. D., Campbell, B. C. V., Yang, J. Y., & Mackay, M. T. (2025) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/14737175.2025.2542763 · Cited by 3
Recommendations for the use of brain MRI in the neonatal period
Martínez-Biarge, M., Arnáez, J., Arca, G., Valverde, E., Llorens‐Salvador, R., & García-Alix, A. (2025) · Anales de Pediatría (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.anpede.2025.503935 · Cited by 3
Kuwahara, H., Ojima, M., Kawamura, T., Saitou, D., Andou, K., Ariga, E., Hasegawa, K., & Kai, M. (2025) · Tomography · doi:10.3390/tomography11110119 · Cited by 3
Miguel, L. S., Jespers, V., & Roberfroid, D. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15134858 · Cited by 4
Diop, A., Diagne, M., Faye, N. A. B., & Dieng, M. M. (2023) · Radiation Physics and Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2023.111432 · Cited by 3
Inoue, Y., Itoh, H., Koizumi, K., Sekimoto, S., Hata, H., Miyatake, H., Yamane, T., & Mitsui, K. (2024) · Journal of Radiological Protection · doi:10.1088/1361-6498/ad6d76 · Cited by 3
Une dialectique récurrente : des dangers aux risques des expositions aux rayonnements ionisants
Pasquier, J.-L., Bourguignon, M., & Bertho, J. (2024) · Radioprotection · doi:10.1051/radiopro/2024038 · Cited by 3
Wollschläger, D., Jahnen, A., Hermen, J., Giussani, A., Stamm, G., Borowski, M., Huisinga, C., Mentzel, H., Braun, J., Sigmund, G., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2023.110832 · Cited by 3
Self-citationZhan, Z., Gu, F., Ji, Y., Zhang, Y., Ge, Y., & Wang, Z. (2023) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1185554 · Cited by 3
Dendo, Y., Abe, K., Onodera, S., & Kayano, S. (2023) · Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology · doi:10.6009/jjrt.2023-1373 · Cited by 3
Herrmann, J., Müller, L. O., Franchi‐Abella, S., Verhagen, M. V., McGuirk, S. P., Dammann, E., Bokkers, R. P. H., Clapuyt, P. R. M., Deganello, A., Tandoi, F., et al. (2023) · Pediatric Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00247-023-05797-1 · Cited by 3
Tsze, D. S., Kuppermann, N., Casper, T. C., Barney, B. J., Richer, L. P., Liberman, D. B., Okada, P. J., Morris, C. R., Myers, S. R., Soung, J. K., et al. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079040 · Cited by 3
Advances in pediatric emergency from 2023
Easter, J. S., & Rose, E. (2024) · The American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2024.03.010 · Cited by 3
CT in pediatric trauma patients
Appelhaus, S., Schönberg, S. O., & Weis, M. (2024) · RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren · doi:10.1055/a-2341-7559 · Cited by 3
The out-of-plane contact shield and mA-modulation – the effect on fetal absorbed dose
Larjava, H. R. S., Eneh, C. T. M., Saikkonen, A., & Parkkola, R. K. (2024) · Radiation Protection Dosimetry · doi:10.1093/rpd/ncae204 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Hauptmann, M., Byrnes, G., Cardis, E., Bernier, M.-O., Blettner, M., Dabin, J., Engels, H., Istad, T. S., Johansen, C., Kaijser, M., Kjaerheim, K., Journy, N., Meulepas, J. M., Moissonnier, M., Ronckers, C., Thierry-Chef, I., Le Cornet, L., Jahnen, A., Pokora, R., Bosch de Basea, M., Figuerola, J., Maccia, C., Nordenskjold, A., Harbron, R. W., Lee, C., Simon, S. L., Berrington de Gonzalez, A., Schüz, J., & Kesminiene, A.
- Affiliations
- Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane (DE)
- Centre international de recherche sur le cancer (FR)
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (ES)
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (FR)
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (BE)
- Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (NO)
- Rigshospitalet (DK)
- Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
- Université Paris-Sud (FR)
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute (NL)
- Newcastle University (GB)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hauptmann, Michael
- ORCID
- Hauptmann, Michael
- Byrnes, Graham
- Cardis, Elisabeth
- Bernier, Marie-Odile
- Blettner, Maria
- Dabin, Jérémie
- Johansen, Christoffer
- Kaijser, Magnus
- Meulepas, Johanna M
- Moissonnier, Monika
- Thierry-Chef, Isabelle
- Pokora, Roman
- Figuerola, Jordi
- Harbron, Richard W
- Lee, Choonsik
- Simon, Steven L
- Schüz, Joachim
- Kesminiene, Ausrele
- Venue
- The Lancet Oncology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-01
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 45-53
- ISSN
- 1470-2045 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4310769135
- Cited by
- 273
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 85 · 2025: 82 · 2024: 63 · 2023: 42
- FWCI
- 26.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Lancet Oncology (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
- Funders
- World Health Organization
- Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (2012–02–21–01)
- International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska, Fairbanks
- Ligue Contre le Cancer (PRE09/MOB)
- Seventh Framework Programme (269912-EPI-CT)
- KWF Kankerbestrijding
- Worldwide Cancer Research (12–1155)
- Generalitat de Catalunya
- National Cancer Institute
- Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca
- Europäische Kommission
- Institut National Du Cancer (2011–1-PL-SHS-01-IRSN-1)
- Public Health England
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (02NUK016A, 02NUK016B, 02NUK016CX)
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- Norges Forskningsråd (209094)
- Newcastle University
- Consejo de Seguridad Nuclear (SRO/3347/2015/227·06)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Radiation Dose and Imaging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Effects of Radiation Exposure
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment
- Keywords
- brain cancer, young adults, glioma, radiation-induced cancer risk, linear dose-response relationship, excess relative risk, cancer risk assessment, low-dose radiation, diagnostic imaging safety, cancer registry linkage, hospital-based cohort
- MeSH terms
- Radiation Exposure, Adult, Brain Neoplasms, Child, Female, Glioma, Humans, Male, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced, Radiation Dosage, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Cohort Studies, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
