Cited by 401Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery DiseasesAcute Ischemic Stroke ManagementPeripheral Artery Disease Management

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Restenosis after carotid artery stenting and endarterectomy: a secondary analysis of CREST, a randomised controlled trial

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Lal, Brajesh K, Beach, Kirk W, Roubin, Gary S, Lutsep, Helmi L, Moore, Wesley S, Malas, Mahmoud B, Chiu, David, Gonzales, Nicole R, Burke, J Lee, Rinaldi, Michael, Elmore, James R, Weaver, Fred A, Narins, Craig R, Foster, Malcolm, Hodgson, Kim J, Shepard, Alexander D, Meschia, James F, Bergelin, Robert O, Voeks, Jenifer H, Howard, George, Brott, Thomas G·2012·The Lancet Neurology

DOI 10.1016/s1474-4422(12)70159-xPMC PMC3912998

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: In the Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy versus Stenting Trial (CREST), the composite primary endpoint of stroke, myocardial infarction, or death during the periprocedural period or ipsilateral stroke thereafter did not differ between carotid artery stenting and carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid stenosis. A secondary aim of this randomised trial was to compare the composite endpoint of restenosis or occlusion. METHODS: Patients with stenosis of the carotid artery who were asymptomatic or had had a transient ischaemic attack, amaurosis fugax, or a minor stroke were eligible for CREST and were enrolled at 117 clinical centres in the USA and Canada between Dec 21, 2000, and July 18, 2008. In this secondary analysis, the main endpoint was a composite of restenosis or occlusion at 2 years. Restenosis and occlusion were assessed by duplex ultrasonography at 1, 6, 12, 24, and 48 months and were defined as a reduction in diameter of the target artery of at least 70%, diagnosed by a peak systolic velocity of at least 3·0 m/s. Studies were done in CREST-certified laboratories and interpreted at the Ultrasound Core Laboratory (University of Washington). The frequency of restenosis was calculated by Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and was compared during a 2-year follow-up period. We used proportional hazards models to assess the association between baseline characteristics and risk of restenosis. Analyses were per protocol. CREST is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00004732. FINDINGS: 2191 patients received their assigned treatment within 30 days of randomisation and had eligible ultrasonography (1086 who had carotid artery stenting, 1105 who had carotid endarterectomy). In 2 years, 58 patients who underwent carotid artery stenting (Kaplan-Meier rate 6·0%) and 62 who had carotid endarterectomy (6·3%) had restenosis or occlusion (hazard ratio [HR] 0·90, 95% CI 0·63-1·29; p=0·58). Female sex (1·79, 1·25-2·56), diabetes (2·31, 1·61-3·31), and dyslipidaemia (2·07, 1·01-4·26) were independent predictors of restenosis or occlusion after the two procedures. Smoking predicted an increased rate of restenosis after carotid endarterectomy (2·26, 1·34-3·77) but not after carotid artery stenting (0·77, 0·41-1·42). INTERPRETATION: Restenosis and occlusion were infrequent and rates were similar up to 2 years after carotid endarterectomy and carotid artery stenting. Subsets of patients could benefit from early and frequent monitoring after revascularisation. FUNDING: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and Abbott Vascular Solutions.

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Authors: Lal, B. K., Beach, K. W., Roubin, G. S., Lutsep, H. L., Moore, W. S., Malas, M. B., Chiu, D., Gonzales, N. R., Burke, J. L., Rinaldi, M., Elmore, J. R., Weaver, F. A., Narins, C. R., Foster, M., Hodgson, K. J., Shepard, A. D., Meschia, J. F., Bergelin, R. O., Voeks, J. H., Howard, G., & Brott, T. G.
Affiliations: University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
University of Washington (US)
NYU Langone Health (US)
Oregon Health & Science University (US)
Johns Hopkins University (US)
Houston Methodist (US)
The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (US)
Intermountain Medical Center (US)
Geisinger Medical Center (US)
University of Southern California (US)
University of Rochester Medicine (US)
Saint Thomas Midtown Hospital (US)
SIU Medicine (US)
Henry Ford Hospital (US)
Mayo Clinic in Florida (US)
University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
Corresponding author: Brott, Thomas G
ORCID: Lal, Brajesh K
Beach, Kirk W
Lutsep, Helmi L
Moore, Wesley S
Malas, Mahmoud B
Gonzales, Nicole R
Rinaldi, Michael
Elmore, James R
Narins, Craig R
Foster, Malcolm
Hodgson, Kim J
Meschia, James F
Voeks, Jenifer H
Howard, George
Brott, Thomas G
Venue: The Lancet Neurology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2012-09
Volume: 11
Issue: 9
Pages: 755-763
ISSN: 1474-4422 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(12)70159-x
PMC: PMC3912998
OpenAlex: W2107715463
Cited by: 401
References: 29
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 6
FWCI: 25.52
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (vor, 318 d)
Locations: The Lancet Neurology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke ((grant NS038384))
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Peripheral Artery Disease Management
Keywords: carotid artery stenting, carotid endarterectomy, carotid restenosis, carotid artery occlusion, carotid artery stenosis, CREST trial, duplex ultrasound, asymptomatic carotid stenosis, symptomatic carotid stenosis, restenosis risk factors, sex differences, carotid revascularization, peak systolic velocity
MeSH terms: Aged, Carotid Arteries, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Time Factors, Stents, Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed, Carotid Stenosis, Endarterectomy, Carotid, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Stroke, Kaplan-Meier Estimate

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Restenosis after carotid artery stenting and endarterectomy: a secondary analysis of CREST, a randomised controlled trial

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