Long-term population-based trends in the incidence of cardiovascular disease in individuals with type 1 diabetes from Finland: a retrospective, nationwide, cohort study
Open accessAbstract
Background Cardiovascular disease is the main determinant of premature mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes. However, time trends regarding different types of cardiovascular disease in childhood-onset type 1 diabetes with a long timespan from the diagnosis of diabetes are not well established. This study aimed to investigate the cumulative incidence of cardiovascular disease in individuals with type 1 diabetes in a population-based cohort in Finland, the country with the world's highest incidence of type 1 diabetes. Methods In this retrospective, nationwide registry-based, cohort study, all patients who were diagnosed between Jan 1, 1965, and Dec 31, 1999 with type 1 diabetes when they were younger than 15 years old in Finland were followed up and monitored for the occurrence of cardiovascular disease (including coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease, and heart failure) until the end of 2016 and for cardiovascular disease mortality until 2017. Cumulative incidences of cardiovascular disease were calculated by the Fine and Gray method according to the year of diabetes diagnosis using six diagnosis cohorts: 1965-69, 1970-74, 1975-1979, 1980-84, 1985-89, 1990-94, and 1990-95. Trends in cardiovascular disease event rates were analysed by Fine and Gray competing risks regression models using year of diabetes diagnosis as continuous variable. In addition, non-linearity in trends was assessed with restricted cubic splines. The excess risk of coronary artery…
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The risk of diabetes-related complications remains notably high for all people with type 1 diabetes.
“The risk of diabetesrelated complications also remains notably high for all people with type 1 diabetes.1,2”
From The future of type 1 diabetes therapy (2025) · cites this paper as [2]
Life expectancy remains reduced for individuals diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before age 10 years compared with both people diagnosed after 10 years and people without type 1 diabetes.
“life expectancy remains reduced for individuals diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before age 10 years compared with both people diagnosed after 10 years and people without type 1 diabetes.1,2”
From The future of type 1 diabetes therapy (2025) · cites this paper as [2]
No citation lists for this paper
No citation lists for this paper yet — checked again daily.
References 38 · Cited by 82
- Authors
- Harjutsalo, V., Pongrac Barlovic, D., & Groop, P.-H.
- Affiliations
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Harjutsalo, Valma
- Venue
- The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-09
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 575-585
- ISSN
- 2213-8587 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3185123980
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 9.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2023-01-01)
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja (submittedVersion)
- STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wilhelm och Else Stockmanns Stiftelse
- Medicinska Understödsföreningen Liv och Hälsa rf
- Academy of Finland
- Sigrid Jusélius Foundation
- Novo Nordisk Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
- Keywords
- type 1 diabetes, cardiovascular disease incidence, coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, heart failure, cardiovascular mortality, temporal trends, childhood-onset diabetes, cumulative incidence, excess risk
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Female, Finland, Humans, Male, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Incidence, Age of Onset
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
